| 摘要: | 由於公共工程不論規模、類型或性質均已日趨複雜，分工愈來愈專業化，以傳統式之施工方法與管理模式已無法應付自如，因此取而代之的新式施工機具及施工方法已逐漸被引用。為了解決所衍生的複雜管理問題，因此急需要一套科學的方法，以有秩序及合乎邏輯的方法建立適當的數學模型，使管理者對於所擁有人力、機具、材料及資金等資源作最有效地分配與管理，最後在最小成本或最大獲利下，如期、如質的完成整個營建工程。 現實世界裡，有關人機資源調派及排程皆由專案資深工程師依經驗法則做規劃，缺乏以系統化、科學化之數據分析做整體考量，往往是浪費機具與人力資源之主因，其結果必造成工期無法掌握及增加成本。防波堤之消波塊分項工程是屬於一獨特性及重複性之工作，在過去未曾發現有文獻進行消波塊製作及運輸排放人機指派模式與排程之探討。 有鑑於此，本研究利用整數線性規劃技巧，依整體進度所須各型塊之需求量、人機組合施工效率與成本、工期及東北季風等施工條件限制訂定各項限制式，並以最小總成本為目標值發展一最佳化模式，並利用LINGO套裝軟體進行模式求解最小成本、各人機組合之指派模式及型塊製作及運輸排放之最佳排程規劃，以提供決策者作為資源分配、成本管控及排程規劃之依據。 The both traditional technical method and management model are apparently unable to meet the need of today’s public construction work due to its more complexity and diversity than past. Therefore, many new construction techniques and machinery have been introduced to the public work field, inducing the more complicated problems in management mechanism. Consequently, it urges a scientific management method to build up a mathematic model systematically to provide that the manager can efficiently handle and allocate the construction resources including manpower, material, machinery and finance. Finally, the target of least cost and the best profit for the construction work can be reached with reasonable scheduling and quality request. In fact, the handling and allocating the construction resources are usually planned by senior site engineers according to their past experiences without any scientific and systematic analysis. As a result, a failed construction project may be anticipated, for example, the sub-work of manufacturing the concrete block for the breakwater work in marine engineering construction in Taiwan. The concrete block work of breakwater is an unique and reduplicated sub-work in construction, there is no any literature review on the management of handling its manufacture and transport in the past. Therefore, this research is aimed at developing a model for optimal planning of the concrete block handling work in order to provide the manager a method in decision making for resources allocating, budget controlling and schedule monitoring. Adopting the techniques of Integer Linear Programming, this study is firstly considering the constraint of demand for the type and total quantity of concrete block, the combined efficiency of manpower and machines, budget, schedule and monsoon, to develop an Optimal Model for reaching the least cost and best profit. Furthermore, the software LINGO is used to solve the least cost, the optimal assignment planning for manpower and machines, and the optimal schedule planning for manufacturing, transporting and installing of concrete block. |
