內部熱整合蒸餾塔之設計與模式化研究; Design and Modeling Studies of Internally Heat-Integrated Distillation Columns

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题名:	內部熱整合蒸餾塔之設計與模式化研究;Design and Modeling Studies of Internally Heat-Integrated Distillation Columns
作者:	何宗仁;Tsung-Jen Ho
贡献者:	化學工程與材料工程研究所
关键词:	蒸餾設計;蒸餾控制;動態模擬;彭川圖解法;熱整合蒸餾塔;Distillation design;Distillation control.;Dynamic simulation;Ponchon–Savarit method;Heat-integration distillation column
日期:	2010-01-27
上传时间:	2010-06-10 16:49:50 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學圖書館
摘要:	內部熱整合蒸餾塔以壓縮機提高精餾段壓力，使精餾段溫度高於汽提段後，藉由適當的硬體設計使精餾段與汽提段進行熱交換，可以大幅降低蒸餾塔的熱能耗用。本研究基於國內外對於內部熱整合蒸餾塔的基礎設計相關研究完全欠缺，因此利用傳統的彭川(Ponchon–Savarit)熱焓圖解法，擴展應用在內部熱整合蒸餾塔的基本設計。此獨創的圖解法可以清楚地描述系統的質能平衡狀態，且明確地計算出地蒸餾塔所需之理論板數、再沸器或進料預熱器熱負荷、最小內部總熱傳面積等關鍵參數。此方法最大的優點在於節省一般蒸餾商業設計軟體的反覆試誤模擬時間，亦可避免獲得商業軟體可能出現的錯誤結果。研究中以甲醇與水的分離系統進行內部熱整合蒸餾塔的圖解法測試，並將該設計結果輸入至商業軟體Aspen Plus中驗證，證實此改良的Ponchon-Savarit圖解法，可以正確地設計出內部熱整合蒸餾塔。本研究的另一部份則是建立實際且可靠的內部熱整合蒸餾塔流程與控制策略。研究中分別從熱力學觀點、工程實用性及蒸餾控制自由度的角度，分析證實再沸器或是進料預熱器必須是內部熱整合蒸餾塔的必備裝置；同時也採用程式語言建立嚴謹模式的內部熱整合蒸餾塔動態模擬模組，將蒸餾操作過程中的塔壓變化與汽相滯留量納入計算。該動態模擬以丙烯丙烷分離為測試載體，結果均顯示出本研究所提出的流程與控制策略具備穩定與實用之價值。 The heat-integrated distillation column, generally called HIDiC, applies the principle of internal heat integration between the rectifying section and the stripping section of a distillation column by increasing the temperature of the rectifying section with a compressor. First part in this work, theoretical stage-to-stage study of a HIDiC based on the Ponchon–Savarit method is performed. Several HIDiC design variables, such as the number of theoretical stages, reboiler (or preheater) duty, minimum overall internal heat-transfer rate, and configuration, can easily be interpreted in the Ponchon–Savarit (Hxy) diagram. Such an approach brings new insights into and better understanding of the features of HIDiC. A preliminary (or shortcut) HIDiC design procedure using Hxy diagrams is also proposed. The obvious advantages are that the proposed method allows the direct design of a HIDiC, and avoids trial-and-error design in using a commercial simulator. In addition, the proposed graphical method can foresee possible pinch points before requiring use of a rigorous simulator. Furthermore, the proposed graphical estimation of internal stages of a HIDiC is applied to a binary, methanol–water system, and compared to the rigorous simulation obtained using Aspen Plus. Second part of this thesis reports a dynamic simulation study of the internally heat-integrated distillation column (HIDiC) using equilibrium-based models. First, three different HIDiC structures, i.e. an ideal HIDiC, a HIDiC with a preheater, and a HIDiC with a reboiler, are analyzed by control degrees of freedom (DOF). The reboiler is considered to be a necessary part of the HIDiC from DOF analysis, thermodynamic analysis, and engineering judgment. Then, a heuristic HIDiC control configuration including a bottoms reboiler control is proposed. A modular structured simulator for dynamic distillation columns using MESH equations is developed. A typical medium-pressure HIDiC for separation of propylene and propane explored by Olujic et al. [ ] is adopted as numerical examples for dynamic simulation studies. Keywords: Heat-integration distillation column, Ponchon–Savarit method, Dynamic simulation, Distillation design, Distillation control.
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