| 摘要: | 以層析結合質譜技術及毛細電泳檢測環境樣品中新興污染物之研究由於檢測技術與儀器的不斷進步，一大群原本殘留於環境中具有生物活性的微量污染物質(如環境荷爾蒙)逐漸被檢測到，這些物質主要是工業用化學物質與添加物、人類及動物用藥劑殘留物與個人衛生用品主成分殘留物等，這些微量污染物質被稱為「新興污染物(Emerging Contaminants)」。它們大都未被相關法令管制或禁用，因這些污染物持續排放至環境中，已在國外引起廣泛研究與討論。我們實驗室本著「珍惜環境，永續臺灣」的精神，歷年來已開發出許多先進與實用的檢測技術，將一些新興污染物在國內的流布現況作了初步及首次的探討，這些新興污染物包含具荷爾蒙效應的烷基酚類(Alkylphenols)、雌激素及其衍生物(Estrogen and metabolites)、止痛藥劑與類荷爾蒙藥劑(Pharmaceuticals) 殘留物質、多溴聯苯醚類阻燃劑[Polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Flame Retardants]及全氟烷基磺酸及羧酸類化合物[Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs); i.e., Perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS)及Perfluorooctanic acid (PFOA)]等，尤其是對具荷爾蒙效應的烷基酚類污染物，在我們實驗室多年的努力下，由國內環境樣品的檢測，到食品中，甚至於母乳中烷基酚類的含量，皆有完整的數據報告，因此促成環保署將於2008 年1 月1 日開始依歐盟法令管制與限制烷基酚類的使用。這是除歐盟國家外，臺灣是亞洲地區第一個實施此管制法令的國家。近年來被列為新興污染物的名單持續增加，我們將沿襲以往的研究精神，開發高效能的樣品前處理方法，與應用高效率的定性和定量技術，以前瞻性的微量分析觀念，提出此三年型研究計畫。在這三年計畫中，我們的研究將著重在個人衛生用品主成分殘留物[如人工合成香料(Polycyclic musk fragrances) 與三氯沙(Triclosan)]、具甲狀腺荷爾蒙干擾的過氯酸根離子(Perchlorate)及具有鏡相異構物的農藥與藥劑殘留物(Chiral pesticides and pharmaceuticals)在環境基質與生物樣品中檢測技術的開發與應用。在液態、固態和生物樣品前處理中，分別評估不同萃取方法對此類新興污染物的萃取效能，以合於環保的多樣化萃取技術[如固、液相微萃取技術(Solid- or Liquid- phase microextraction)及微波輔助萃取技術(Microwave - assisted extraction)]，來探討萃取方法的最佳化條件。 2 在定性和定量上，開發多方位的液、氣相層析質譜技術(LC-MS and GC-MS)、毛細電泳技術(CE)和串聯質譜(MS/MS)等技術以檢測這類污染物質在不同基質中的含量及種類。除了LC-MS 技術配合不同游離界面(ESI、APCI、APPI)之開發與應用外，將特別著重於鏡相異構物GC-MS、LC-MS 及毛細電泳(CE)技術應用在具鏡相異構物的農藥與藥劑檢測上，希望能大大提昇對環境中具鏡相異構物的農藥與藥劑殘留物的檢測與研究。此研究計畫將於篩選測試和分析新興污染物研究議題上，具有對檢測技術之突破性與研發上之主導性。我們亦將密切掌握國際上對於新興污染物檢測的發展趨勢，以達我國環境的永續經營，及確保國人的健康。 Determination of selected emerging contaminants in the environment by liquid or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis Due to the development of new and more sensitive methods for detecting trace-level chemicals, the scientific communities have shifted the attention towards the new and unregulated contaminants that were previously undetected or had not been considered as a risk. These large groups of chemicals or residues presence in the environment are called "Emerging Contaminants" or "Emerging Pollutants". They are defined as the newly identified or previously unrecognized pollutants. Emerging contaminants include industrial chemicals and additives, flame retardants, surfactants and surfactants residues, pharmaceuticals and personal care products with their metabolites (abbreviation as PPCPs), and plasticizers, etc. These contaminants are ubiquitous and persistently occur in, and bio-accumulation from, the environment. Strong evidences show that they are increasing contamination of the environment and biota. The large-scale usage of these chemicals and the increasing public concern over environmental and human health issues has stimulated our interest in investigating their occurrence and fate in the environment for many years. We have developed many newly and practically analytical methods to detect these emerging contaminants and obtained many preliminary results at the first time regarding their occurrence and fate in our environment. These compounds include alkylphenols, estrogen and metabolites, pharmaceutical residues, polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) flame retardants, perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) ( i.e., Perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanic acid (PFOA)), etc. Especially the endocrine disrupting compounds: 4-nonylphenol and 4-t-octylphenol, many valuable data regarding their accumulation in various environmental matrices, food and even in breast milks providing from our laboratory, Taiwan-EPA will regulate the usage of alkylphenols beginning at 2008. We are the first country in Asia following the European Union's rules to regulate and restrict the usage of alkylphenols. Since the list of emerging contaminants is increasing, in this three-year proposal, we will develop specific and sensitive sample pretreatment techniques and LC-MS, GC-MS, CE or CE-MS methods to analyze three important groups of emerging contaminants at trace-level in our environment. The investigated compounds include: the residues from the personal care products (i.e., polycyclic musk fragrances and triclosan), the thyroid hormone disrupter: perchlorate, and chiral pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Following five major tasks are going to investigate and study in this three-year proposal: Task 1. To evaluate the sample pretreatment methods with various solid phase extraction (SPE) and solid- or liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques for water samples; Task 2. To evaluate of solid sample extraction methods with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), steam distillation extraction (SDE) for sediment and biota samples; Task 3. To develop quantitative GC-MS (EI and CI) and LC-MS with various ionization interfaces (ESI, APCI and APPI) techniques as well as LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS techniques for the target compounds determination; Task 4. To develop quantitative chiral GC-MS, chiral LC-MS and CE techniques for chiral pesticides and pharmaceuticals determination; and then Task 5. To apply these developed techniques to determine the environmental samples, and study the occurrence and fate of these target contaminants impacted to various environment compartments. Our research will have a significantly contribute to wide spectrum of hyphenated quantitative mass spectrometric applications and sample pretreatments for the environmental studies. The results of this research should be highly in response to our environmental protection trends, promote conservation and pollution control policies, as well as sustainable development in Taiwan. 研究期間 : 9808 ~ 9907 |
