日治時期臺灣總督府對地方社會的控制與回應-以新莊郡為例; The Control and Response on Local Communities By Governor-General of Taiwan During the Japanese Colonial Period－Hsinchuang Prefecture(County) as example

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Title:	日治時期臺灣總督府對地方社會的控制與回應-以新莊郡為例;The Control and Response on Local Communities By Governor-General of Taiwan During the Japanese Colonial Period－Hsinchuang Prefecture(County) as example
Authors:	李亮霆;Liang-ting Lee
Contributors:	歷史研究所
Keywords:	新莊郡;社會控制;地方社會;Social Control;Local Community;Hsinchuang Prefecture (County);Hsin Chih Bao
Date:	2009-11-11
Issue Date:	2010-06-11 15:15:14 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學圖書館
Abstract:	本研究主要探討臺北盆地的淡水河西岸平原，在日治時期後面對統治當局的治理，其地方社會被收編及改造的過程。本文並強調統治當局是以引用保甲、近代警察制度及教育機構三者作為社會控制政策，而本研究區域也由清代的「興直堡」，轉變成近代化的統治單位－「新莊郡」。清代的興直堡地區由於不同街莊各有其領導階層，並各自運作地方秩序，因而清帝國的國家力量及行政權威並不能有效控制此區。而1895年後政權轉移，臺灣進入日治時期，統治當局以戶籍和土地調查的資料為基礎，建立了警察體系與保甲制度，並引進近代教育制度進行民眾教化，建構了基本治理模式。由於統治當局國家力量的強化及不斷對傳統街庄進行統整與改組，至大正時期（1912-1926）因應內地延長主義及警政改革的需求，1920年後實施新的地方制度，興直堡在此制度設計下被賦予自治權，成為轄下一街三庄的新莊郡然而，統治當局透過此「郡」級單位，對地方社會保有一定的行政控制力，並且迴避了統治初期以來對警察及保甲的批評。但對新莊郡及其地方菁英來說，這樣的制度架構，已使他們擁有更多管道和空間要求統治當局回應地方社會的需求，並藉此進行殖民體制下的現代化。本研究指出，在官方指導及地方人士的參與下，陸續以土地及經費捐獻方式完成道路建設，並聯繫各街庄的資源，強化了新莊郡下各街庄的依存關係。但同時，亦可發現地方菁英運用其影響力展開的競爭關係，甚至影響日後的歷史發展。要之，透過本研究可發現區域研究及近代臺灣史的相關性問題，一、地方社會秩序在不同政權下的斷裂及延續，可凸顯其治理臺灣上的基本差異。二、日治初期治理政策帶來的優勢，大正年間後反而成為落實地方自治的難處，顯示地方社會並非僵化地被治理，可供思考國家與社會之間的互動關係。三、新莊郡下各街庄對現代化建設的合作與競爭，塑造了地方社會的樣貌，在殖民體制與現代化兩項議題的綜合研究上，提供了可深入研究的個案。 The study is to explore in the West Bank Plain of Tamsui River in Taipei basin, the governance of the ruling authority under Japanese government and the process of being incorporated and being transformed of its local communities. It also stresses that the ruling authority applied Pao-Chia, modern police system and educational institutions to be the social control policies. The study area is undertaken in the Hsinchuang Prefecture (County) – a modernistic rule unit transformed from the Hsin Chih Bao in the Ching Dynasty. Each street in the Hsin Chih Bao area of an enlightened reign had an individual leadership and operated its local order separately. As a result, Ching imperial state power and administrative authority can not effectively control this area. After the transfer of government in 1895, Taiwan entered the Japanese Colonial Period, the ruling authority developed the police system, Pao-chia system based on household registration and land survey data and applied a modernistic education system to teach the public, which formed a basic governance model. Due to the consolidation of the state power of the rule authority and constant incorporation and transformation over traditional streets and villages, in response to the needs of doctrine extension in mainland and police reform during the Taisho period (1912 – 1926), it brought a new social policy into force after 1920, under which the Hsin Chih Bao was empowered autonomy and became Hsinchuang Prefecture (County) of one street and three villages. However, the ruling authority utilized a ‘Prefecture’ unit to hold a certain level of administrative power over local communities and had avoided criticism regarding the police and Pao-chia since the early stage of governance. But for Hsinchuang Prefecture (County) and local elites, this system structure had empowered them many channels and spaces to ask the ruling authority to respond the needs of local communities and further to undertake modernization under the colonial system. The study indicated that with the participation from official guides and the local, it successfully and gradually completed road construction by using the donations of land and funding and integrated resources from each street and village in Hsinchuang Prefecture (County), of which the dependency relationship was strengthened. Meanwhile, it also found that local elites utilized their influences to compete each other which had an impact on the future history development. In conclusion, this study found relative questions of regional study and Taiwan history. First of all, local communities order was broken and continued under the control of different political governances which showed the fundamental difference in governing Taiwan. Secondly, the advantages that were brought by the policies carried out in the early days of Japanese Colonial Period became the obstacles to put communalism in to practice after the Taisho Era. It presents that local communities was not controlled rigidly and thinks over the interaction relationship between the state and society. Finally, the cooperation and competition of modernistic construction in all streets and villages of Hsinchuang Prefecture (County) shaped the looks of local communities. It provides the comprehensive research on subjects of colonial system and modernization with further study cases.
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