| 摘要: | 論文題目：戰後桃園農田水利會組織之探討（1945-2002） 研究生：劉曉明 指導教授：李力庸 博士 中文摘要 戰後桃園水利會的組織經過多次的調整。戰後初期，政府來台接收水利會，沿襲日治時期水利組合的名稱與體制。一年之後，將水利組合改組為「桃園農田水利協會」，並選舉組合長，定位為民間自治團體，政府僅扮演監督的角色。1948年政府為解決戰後台灣的經濟問題，調整水利組織，改組為「桃園水利委員會」。1956年，配合土地改革合併大溪水利委員會與湖口水利管理處改組成立「桃園農田水利會」。1970年合併新海農田水利會。戰後水利組織的調整與政府的經濟政策有關，水利會內部對於政府的改革也並非全無意見，1993年政府欲將水利會改制為公務機關引發爭議。 桃園農田水利會的組織結構可分議事機構，以及執行機構，經過多次組織的調整，在名稱以及產生方式都產生變革，1975-1982健全農田水利組織期間，停止會員代表的選舉，會長則改為政府官派，1994-2002年則為政府遴派時期，會員代表改為會務委員，跟會長都由政府遴選後派任。2002年包括會務委員以及會長都改為會員直選。在變革的過程中，政府對於水利會的介入越來越深。 桃園農田水利會在1980年代以前，收入主要來自於會費，所以會費徵收的成績便影響財務狀況。1975年，政府實施健全水利方案，為減輕農民的負擔，限制會費徵收的標準，使得桃園水利會必須增加其他收入的來源。隨著工商業的發展，桃園水利會面臨耕作面積日益減少，灌溉用水管理不易的困境。桃園水利會必須利用多角化經營的方式去拓展業務，增加收入，使得水利會得以「永續經營」。 A Study on the Organization of Taoyuan Irrigation Association in the postwar Period (1945-2002) Abstract The organization of Taoyuan Irrigation Association changed a lot of times. After World War Ⅱ, the Chinese Government came to Taiwan to take over the Irrigation Association. At the first time, they did not change the institute of Taoyuan Irrigation Cooperative. After a year, it was reorganized as Taoyuan Farm Irrigation Association Union. In 1948, it was reorganized as Taoyuan Irrigation Commission. In 1956, it was reorganized as Taoyuan Irrigation Association, which was a combination of the Taoyuan Irrigation Commission, Tahsi Irrigation Commission and Hukou Irrigation Management Agency. In 1970, the Taoyuan Irrigation Association combined the neighboring Hsinhai Irrigation Association. The reorganization of the Irrigation Association was connected with the government’s economical policy. The Irrigation Association complain the reorganization, for example the Irrigation Association was reorganized one part of the government that cause a huge crisis. The organization of Taoyuan Irrigation Association was divided into the Congress and the executive Office. During the period (1975-1982), the erection of the assembly of representatives was suspended, and the chairman was appointed by the government, because of the government’s policy to establish a organization of the irrigation. From 1994-2002, the assembly of representatives was changed into the committee for affairs of the association. The committee-members are elected by government.In 2002, the chairman and the committee-members are both elected from the members. Before 1980s, the main income of the Taoyuan Irrigation Association came from the member dues. Howeverm, the farming area reduces significantly during the last several decades. Because the financial status get worse as the Irrigation Association only conduct the irrigation business. There are urgent needs for the Taoyuan Irrigation Association to extend their business to those other than irrigation to increase the revenues and to augment their social roles. By Implementing this diversified business strategy, the Irrigation Association may achieve their sustainable operations. Keywords: Irrigation association, Organization, Diversified business strategy, Policy, Reorganization. |
