According to the level of vibrational acceleration, the granular layers in a vertical shaker may have several types of motion: heaping, coherent, expansion, wave and arching. The periodical collisions between particles and the base plate of the shaker result in unstable dynamics and the five motion states, which are dependent on the amplitude of the vibrational acceleration. This study experimentally investigates the five states of motions and the state transitions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
