| 摘要: | 本文之探討是以工業中常見的立(垂直)式轉動機器為研究對象，如攪拌器、冷卻水塔、鑽床、深水幫浦等等，藉由自製的小型機器模型來模擬運轉系統，安裝『液體平衡環』作為它的減振裝置，利用頻譜分析儀、閃頻儀(轉速計)等儀器，以實驗量測的方式讀取振動數據與資料，透過振動診斷分析軟體比對模擬系統，取得偏心質量與液體平衡環在特定頻率上造成振動的變化關係，並記錄、儲存試驗的結果。 利用不同質量的螺絲作為系統的偏心質量，將它鎖在轉盤的圓周上，當系統運轉時，以不同的轉動頻率為基準，量測主系統振幅，再將液體平衡環安裝在轉盤上同步旋轉，觀察量測振幅的變化，評估它的影響與效率，以達到減振的目的。應用動態迴轉理論和吸振器之運動方程式等學術研究為參考，針對影響機器振動的質量、阻尼、彈簧等參數一一探討，設計出理想的減振裝置。 機器因運轉而產生的振動問題長期以來一直存在，而且無法避免，原因包括質量不平衡、聯軸器不對心、螺絲鬆動、製造公差、組合公差、非均質材料、非對稱組合、雜質附著、螺栓、螺帽、鉚釘尺寸不同、焊接不均勻、轉子偏心、變形、軸承磨損、潤滑問題乃至電器相關因素影響，尤其是質量不平衡造成的振動現象最為明顯，也是尋求改善效率的最佳途徑。 機器運轉的可靠度將直接影響產品品質與產量，尤其是在自動化的產業中更是舉足輕重，對於市場的競爭力影響甚巨，如何提高設備運轉的穩定性與可靠度就應從機器的減振做起。 This article is for the discussion of vertical rotating machines that were commonly used in industry, like mixer, cooling tower, drilling machine, deep water pump and so on. By using hand-made small model to simulate the rotating system, and also installed “liquid equalizing ring” as the vibration reducing device. Use spectrum analyzer, tachometer to measure the vibration data, and compare the data analyzed with diagnosis software to the simulation system, and obtained vibration relationship between eccentric mass and “liquid equalizing ring” in specific frequency, then record and store the result. The steps we took are (1) Use screws with different masses as the eccentric source, (2) Lock them around the surrounding of the rotating plate, (3) Measure the vibration with different frequencies, (4) Install “liquid equalizing ring” to observe the vibration variance, and then evaluate the influence and efficiency for the vibration reducing. In order to design an ideal vibration reducing device, we apply the dynamic rotation theory and vibration absorber equation to discuss the influence among the mass, damper, and spring. The machine vibration is always exist and can’t be avoided due to the unbalance, misalignment, bolt loose, manufacturing tolerance, assembly tolerance, non-uniform material, asymmetric combination, impurities, bolt, nut and rivet different sizes, poor welding, eccentric rotor, distortion, bearing abrasion, lubrication and electrical factors. Above all the causes, unbalance is the most significant problem, and it is also the best way to improve efficiency. The reliability of a machine directly affects the product’s quality and quantity, especially in the automation industry. The impact for the market competency is also huge. So, the improvement for machine’s stability and reliability should be started from reducing the vibration. |
