公差是對產品精確度的定量描述，從產品的設計到製造與檢驗都必須加以考量，並維持其一貫性。在產品大量且多樣化的需求下，互換性是重要的原則，而公差就是其考慮的重點，尤其在零件裝配時，公差就是影響其裝配程度的最大因素。本研究中則是以最壞狀況模式、統計模式、蒙地卡羅模擬法，針對各種產品組裝公差的模擬，得到組裝後可能發生的情況，與產品組裝後的不良率。再者，利用公差分配的概念將公差分配到各個相關零件尺寸中，提供設計者在公差設計時的一個參考，最後利用實際量測的尺寸資料做組裝模擬，可驗證由理論模擬的正確性。 Tolerance is a quantitative description of the precision in products and must be carefully considered when products are designed, manufactured and inspected. The exchangeability is an important principle in mass production, and tolerance is the key point to achieve the goal. In this thesis, we develop a tolerance simulation system, incorporating the worst-case model, statistical model and Monte Carlo model, for assembly tolerance analysis. This simulation provides a failure probability for the gap dimension which is involved in a dimensional chain. Additional values related to the dimensions and tolerance are displayed for further judgment and analysis. Moreover, a tolerance allocation algorithm is implemented to re-distribute the tolerance for some of the dimensions. Also, four areas of practical applications of the proposed system are indicated and examples are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
