與不可抗力天候因素相關工程民事爭議其證據方法與類型化之研究; Study on Categorization of Climatic Disputes of Force Majeure by Evidentiary Procedures

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题名:	與不可抗力天候因素相關工程民事爭議其證據方法與類型化之研究;Study on Categorization of Climatic Disputes of Force Majeure by Evidentiary Procedures
作者:	陳信儒;Hsin-ju Chen
贡献者:	營建管理研究所
关键词:	舉證;不可抗力天候;證據方法;證據能力;證據力;force majeure;evidentiary procedure;dispute resolution;climatic disputes
日期:	2003-07-01
上传时间:	2009-09-21 12:02:55 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學圖書館
摘要:	不可抗力天候造成之工程爭議為民事爭議中常見之爭點。在辯論過程中，兩造所提之證據為訴訟勝敗之關鍵。惟兩造之訴訟代理人對工程專業之熟悉度不足，甚難對證據內容之完整性或證據力之強弱有所認知，因此，爭議之事實，常於此情形下被掩蓋，而致使瑕疵判斷之產生。在不可抗力天候造成之工程爭議中，受害之原告往往為營造廠，本研究針對營造廠於民事訴訟過程所引用之各項證據，探討其證據能力與證據力，再藉由不可抗力天候爭議之舉證特性予以類型化，提供原告於準備證據時得以注意其舉證之流程，以及當被告提出相關之證據時，得以檢視其證據內容之證據能力。本研究由過去法院之不可抗力天候因素相關工程民事判決中，整理出不可抗力天候因素之爭議包含以颱風、豪大雨及異常降雨三類天候類型、可否預期、可否減災、天候因素發生及造成結果之時間與地點等不同性質之180種因果歷程組合。每一種性質之結果可同時包括直接因果關係與相當因果關係，或是純粹為相當因果關係之實體或工期損害。藉由相關法規、專家訪談及科學規範之規定，探討各因果歷程組合之引用證據、證據能力、證據力及舉證程序，得知不同性質或相似性質之因果歷程組合，其引用證據及證據能力與證據力相近。因此，藉由歸納證據方法與舉證流程相似之因果歷程組合，本研究可將與颱風相關工程爭議之舉證區分為十類；與豪大雨相關工程爭議之舉證區分為十四類；與異常降雨相關工程爭議之舉證區分為七類，有助於營造廠舉證時能有更方便之途徑。 The climatic dispute of force majeure is among the most commonly seen courting construction. This work observes that the deciding factor of judgment in court often resides in the power of evidence rendered by the parties. That is, the verdict is for the party who is capable of presenting logically connected or relevant evidence, demonstrating a due care in contract. The interesting question here is lawyers generally lack the background knowledge of construction specific issues and are also too late to be involved in solving the case, so that presenting a good case is ever more costly than necessary. Further, without convincing evidence, the court is incapable of giving a judgment. The suit must undergo rounds of time-consuming fact-finding procedures. The cost of resolving a dispute is uncontrollable, if a fair ruling can really be afforded by both parties. This work collects relevant lawsuit cases regarding disputes primarily of climatic causes of force majeure. By analyzing these cases, this work is able to identify three weather related parameters as stereotypes, namely, typhoon, storms and extended rainfalls. A total of 180 causation combination corresponding factors, including (1) the weather forecast, (2) possibility of taking preventive measures, (3) temporal relationships between cause and damage, and (4) locality relationship between cause and damage, are generated, and each of which individually examined. The outcome of this analysis is compared and effort is given to categorizing these combinations. The idea is, by categorization, construction practitioners are able to document and prepare evidence for potential disputes before bring them to court or seeking expensive legal aids. Not only documentation cost is controlled, but comprehensiveness of documentation is ensured. In sum, , this work classifies 10 categories of evidentiary procedures related to typhoon, 14 to storms, 7 to extended rainfalls. It is concluded that the outcome of this work will aid practitioners in gathering necessary information, aligned with legal procedures, so that costs of dispute resolution can be reduced.
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