| 摘要: | 國內早期加油站的建站施工品質良莠不齊，加上加油站業者缺乏油槽防漏管理的觀念，造成許多洩漏污染事件；地下環境一旦遭受污染，業者即會面臨龐大的整治成本及營運損失。因此，本研究目的係從經濟成本、工程技術、管理制度及環境污染等四方面，探討地下儲槽與儲槽地下室化兩種方式之差異，並提出油槽及管線地下室化的可行性及實施策略。 根據目前儲槽洩漏事件統計資料顯示，地下儲槽發生洩漏事故件數與發生率遠高於儲槽地下室化；地下儲槽發生洩漏事故造成財務損失亦遠超過儲槽地下室化。因此，由經濟效益分析結果發現，藉先期預防性規劃油槽及管線地下室化之後，可大幅降低龐大調查整治費用、冗長整治時間及再度污染地下環境之風險。 但是就改善加油站漏油從油槽地下室化之工程技術方面而言，透過國內LPG加氣站之地下室儲槽實例證明，油槽地下室化在建築工程、工安、消防及防災等相關設備及設計上之可行性，亦可克服地質水文特性對現今國內污染整治所造成之限制。 另一方面，就考量環境污染面，地下室化可有效預防污染及避免因地下油槽管線無標示導致污染調查造成二次污染。 若從法規面考量，對政府主管單位及加油站業者而言，因油槽管線地下室化之洩漏偵測防漏管理較簡易可行，且可降低管理的成本；目前在國內既有的法令規範下，除了應由環保機關加強儲槽稽核調查以督促業者之自主性管理外，更應將較嚴格完備之石化廠之安全設計導入加油站相關建築設備的建構上；加油站業者亦可配合油槽管線汰舊換新時，逐步實施地下室化規劃建築。 加油站油槽及管線地下室化之後，符合污染預防設計的概念，勝於事後的污染整治工作，此結果可供業者於新建或改建加油站時，導入建築結構設計之參考。此外，此類概念亦可應用至各種危險物品地下儲槽及管線之污染預防。 The constructions of gas station in early Taiwan are not standardized, which result in a lot of poor quality gas station. Plus, most of the gas station owners are lack of the concept of gas leaking prevention, which leads to many serious contamination incidents. Once the underground storage tank is polluted, gas station owners usually face enormous recovery cost and operational loses. Therefore this research aims to investigate the difference between underground oil tank and oil tank stored in the basement through four different aspects including: economic cost, construction techniques, oil tank management and environmental impacts of the two methods. In addition, this paper also discusses the possibilities and implemental strategies of oil tank and pipelines in the underground. According to the recent oil tank leaking data, the contamination accidents of underground oil tank outnumbers the oil tank stored in the basement. The financial loss and cost of underground oil tank are also much higher compare to the oil tank stored in the basement. From the economic cost and benefit analysis, it’s possible to reduce costs of recovery fee, time spend on recovery process and the risk of re-contamination through prevention management and planning of the oil tank and the pipelines in the early stage. From the perspective of construction techniques in reducing the gas station leaking accidents, oil tank in the basement can overcome the restrictions of geography characteristics in the recovery process. A good example is the LPG gas station in the basement, oil tank in the basement is feasible in terms of construction, construction safety, fire control, hazards precautions and other relevant design and facilities. Nevertheless, oil tank in the basement can prevent contamination and avoid second-contamination caused by lack of oil pipeline indications from the perspective of environmental concerns. In terms of the legislations, oil tank in the basement is a more practical option as it’s easy to implement and can reduce management costs for both the government agencies and gas station owners. Under the current legislations, environmental agencies should not only supervising on the oil tank in order to make gas station owners become more self-managed, agencies should also play the role in channel the safety design of petrol-chemical stations to the infrastructures of the gas stations. Gas station owners can gradually implement oil tank in the basement as the oil pipelines become obsolete and need to be replaced. Prevention of oil contamination occurs through oil tank and pipelines in the basement are cost effective compare to recover work after the pollution has already occurred. This finding can provide gas station owners to include infrastructure design in constructing new or refurbishing gas stations. In addition, this concept can also apply to other dangerous goods that can be stored in the underground and prevent pipeline pollutions. |
