| 摘要: | 本研究係以行為科學的動機理論方法，探討大學生在用電消費行為上，個人所持的動機、用電消費行為模式及其影響因素，目的在建立大學校院學生個人動機與用電消費行為之相關資料，並瞭解大學生對能源通識教育的需求。研究對象以桃園地區大學生為對象，採隨機抽樣法取樣本，實施問卷調查，共得有效樣本394份，有效回收率87.6﹪。 調查結果顯示，個人動機量表中之整體得分率以「對環境關心」之態度較為積極、正向。而用電消費行為量表中之整體得分率以「食」的消費行為最正向、最綠色，「行」的消費行為是有待加強。 經Pearson積差相關檢定後得知，大學生個人動機與組成三構面間之相關性皆達顯著水準；其中以個人觀點為最顯著相關。檢定後亦發現個人動機與用電消費行為間有顯著相關。不同背景條件對大學生個人動機之影響，經過t檢定及單因子變異數分析後得知，性別、年齡、就讀學院、就讀年級、居住情形與個人動機間有顯著的相關。而不同背景條件對用電消費行為間則無顯著關聯。 研究中亦發現一般大學生認為學校在開設用電或節約能源相關通識課程的主張為「都可以」佔57.11﹪；另有40.10﹪的學生認為以「實際參與動手做」較能誘發學習的興趣；但有高達66.75﹪的學生對於選修新淨能源及用電節能課程的意願較缺乏。 在節約用電觀念與常識的來源得知，學校教育是來源最大途徑佔43.65﹪，其次是家庭27.66﹪，電視媒體為第三19.80﹪。但以全體394份樣本來說，只有43.65﹪的學生是從學校得知節約用電觀念與常識，可能是學校教育並未將節約用電觀念與常識列入課程中，或是學校在節約用電觀念與常識的灌輸不確實。 人的行為是由動機所支配的，換言之動機能影響行為，建議將個人動機中最重要之變項別納入在用電消費或節約能源教育的內涵，應能由個人行為中減少用電或能源的消費進而減輕地球環境的負擔。 Global warming and record breaking oil prices have drawn enough public attentions on how to reduce energy consumptions in our daily life. Fortunately, public awareness and motivation, mainly through education, has been always a key element for people to change their life style to adapt new environment. Since a major portion of Taiwanese had college or higher degree before working, the behaviors and attitudes of those university students in energy consumptions may significantly influence our future environment. Therefore, this research tried to use questionnaires and statistical tools to study the consumer behaviors of university students on electric power consuming for their motive, the consumption behavior and its influence factors by the behavior of science motive theory. Its purpose was to understand the personal motive of students for higher education and set-up the database of the consumer behavior on electric power consuming for their demands on education. The results were analyzed from the data of 394 copies of random sampling questionnaires from the university students in Taoyuan areas. The investigation results showed that in the personal motive the “care to environment” had more positive and active attributes. And, in the power consuming consumer behavior, the scoring rate of “food” had positive, in verse the “walk” was remaining to be strengthened. The Pearson’s accumulated and lack of assaying relevantly showed that the university student's personal motive and three components were highly correlated, especially the “personal viewpoint”. It also found that the personal motive was highly correlated to the consumer behavior on power consuming. The effects of different background on university student's personal motive, the sex, age, studying institute, grade, and inhabiting were correlated to the personal motivating by the t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis. It also found that university students think that the school is offering and using the electricity or economizing the energy and is correlated with the open opinion of knowing course in order to account for 57.11% “all right”; 40.10% students think by bringing out the interest of study; But there are students up to 66.75% for taking the new net energy and relatively scarce will of using energy-conserving course of electricity. Economize power consuming idea and source of general knowledge and learn, it is that the greatest way of a source account for 43.65% that the school educates, 27.66% family secondly, TV media third 19.80%. But as to 394 samples of all, students of only 43.65% learn from the school that economizes the power consuming idea and general knowledge, it may be that the school educate and will not have economized power consuming idea and general knowledge to list in course, or the one that is economizing the power consuming idea and general knowledge in the school is not really inculcated. People's behavior is controlled by their motive, and it can influence our behavior. It is suggested that including the most important becoming one of the personal motive in and consuming or economizing the intension that the energy is being educated the electricity, should be able to reduce then the burden of lightening the earth environment with the consumption of the electricity or the energy from the personal behavior. |
