廢棄物是錯置的資源，利用廢棄物焚化產生電能就解決都市的環保問題及能源問題而言，具有重要的双重意義。興建垃圾焚化廠以妥善處理垃圾解決垃圾問題，提升各垃圾焚化廠效率與效能，已成為政府施政之重要課題。 都市垃圾焚化廠營運效率，攸關垃圾妥善處理能力、焚化效率、使用年限及公害防治，故焚化廠營運管理模式極具深入探討之價值。垃圾焚化廠營運模式成功之主要關鍵為：委託操作合約是否合宜，其中以售電收入及廢棄物進場收費為其主要收入的來源。 本研究之對象為台灣地區2006年營運中的 22 座大型都市垃圾焚化廠，透過台灣環保署一般廢棄物焚化廠管理系統資料，分析焚化廠的分佈、運轉效率及發電量的分析研究。 研究結果顯示(1)公有民營焚化廠之效率高於公有公營廠， 處理容量越大的焚化廠效率越高。(2) 以地區來說，相同處理量比較發現中部地區垃圾焚化廠之效率優於北部地區與南部地區。(3) 22座大型都市垃圾焚化廠1噸垃圾焚化後可產生250~600 kwh，主要是發電機的設計容量。 (4)透過案例台北縣某大型都市垃圾焚化廠Municipal Waste Incinerators (MWI) 營運管理、設備改善、維護保養顯示，必要的投資可提升營運績效。(5) 此外，在台灣大型MWIs正面臨一項大挑戰，自1990年中期台灣政府成功的推動廢棄物減量、回收及再利用，導致廢棄物戲劇性的大量減少，使台灣所有都市垃圾焚化廠面臨沒有足夠垃圾焚化的問題，這個問題必需正確的處理。 Waste is the wrong allocated resources. Building and operating waste-to -energy Incinerators to solve waste issues and generate energy is important in Taiwan from the considerations of environmental protection and energy recovery. To improve the efficiency of large-scale municipal waste incinerator (MWI) has become an important mission of government. Efficient operation of MWIs depends on appropriate handling waste, enhancement of incinerators’ efficiency, service life and pollution and safety control. Therefore, it’s essential to analyze the operation and management models of the MWIs. The key factors leading to the successful operation of an MWI include qualified operating team and reliable income to cover the expenses. This research aims to analyze and compare the efficiency of 22 large-scale MWIs which operate in 2006 in Taiwan. The distribution and capability of those 22 MWIs in Taiwan, their operating modes and efficiencies as well as the power generation output are studied via the collection and analysis of the SWIMS data compiled by Taiwan EPA. The results indicate that (1) the MWIs owned and operated by government has the lower efficiency compared to that operated by private company while the MWIs with larger incineration capacities also have higher efficiency, (2) geographically speaking, the MWIs located in northern Taiwan have higher operation efficiency compared to those located in central and southern Taiwan, (3) the electricity generated by incinerating one ton of waste in those 22 large-scale MWI ranges from 203 to 637 kwh, mostly depending on the designed capacity of the power generator, (4) the case study of an MWI located in northern Taiwan reveals the necessity of continuous investment in terms of facility renovation and maintenance for successful operation of a large-scale MWIs, (5) moreover, the large-scale MWIs in Taiwan also face a big challenge nowadays. Since the mid1990s, Taiwan government has aggressively promoted the concept of waste minimization and also waste sorting and recycling, resulting in dramatic reduction of waste generated in Taiwan. All MWIs in Taiwan face the problem of not having enough municipal wastes to incinerate and this issue has to be properly addressed.
