| 摘要: | 摘要 本研究係運用造粒與燒結技術，將水庫淤泥製成適用於水處理深床過濾單元之燒結濾料，除了建立水庫淤泥之基本特性，並探討不同燒製溫度（1,100℃~1,200℃），燒製時間（10 ~30分鐘）及破碎程序之採用等燒製條件，對燒結濾料之影響。進一步的過濾試驗則以濾砂為對照濾料，濁度去除效率為指標，分為兩階段：第一階段的單一濾料濾床與第二階段混合濾料濾床試驗（混合濾料濾床：燒結濾料取代濾砂量之比例分別為25%、50%及75%） 實驗結果顯示，水庫淤泥之化學組成與一般黏土礦物相似，且無重金屬污染與毒性溶出之虞。燒結濾料之規格特性皆符合規範要求，比重範圍為1.69~2.23，介於一般濾砂與無煙煤之間。整體而言，燒製溫度1,150℃以上，燒製時間延長，且未經過破碎之燒結濾料，具有低洗淨濁度、磨損率及鹽酸溶解率之測定值，即抗磨損與耐酸蝕能力較佳；然而由微結構觀察（SEM），1,100℃與1,125℃之燒製溫度，10分鐘的燒製時間，試體表面呈現多孔性，尤其在經過人工破碎後，比表面積與吸水率增加，有助於提升過濾效果。再者，藉影響顯著性與影響程度之解析發現，較之燒製時間，燒製溫度為主要的燒製影響變數。 經過過濾效果測試，燒製時間10分鐘、溫度1,125℃之非破碎燒結濾料濾床，具有與濾砂濾床相近之濁度去除率，甚至於取代濾砂之試驗中，25%與75%之取代量產生較濾砂濾床佳的濁度去除率；燒製時間10分鐘、溫度1,125℃之破碎燒結濾料於各項取代量皆呈現穩定之濁度去除效果，有助於延長濾程，改善其他濾料在後段濾程中，過濾效果減低的情況。 根據研究成果，燒結濾料物化性質穩定，過濾效果與濾砂相仿，具有取代濾砂作為深床過濾填充濾料之潛力。 Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of producing the filter media which is used in the deep-bed filter unit of the water-supplied plant and wastewater tertiary treatment by sintering the pellets prepared by dam sediment. The analysis of the properties of raw materials was followed by the experiments, which were conducted to examine the effects of processing parameter such as sintering temperature (1,100℃~1,200℃), sintering time (10 min.~30 min.), and breaking operation on the sintered filters. Furthermore, the efficiency of turbidity removal was as the index of the effect of filtration evaluated by mono-filter and dual-filter composed by sinter filter and sand (sinter filter /sand: 25%, 50%, and 75%). The results indicate that the components of dam sediment were similar to the regular clay. The dam sediment has considerably low contents and TCLP leaching concentration for Pb, Cr, and Cd, which all meet the standard thresholds. The specific gravity of the sinter filter ranged from 1.69 ~ 2.23, the regular characteristics of sintered filter under varied manufacturing conditions were carried out to correspond with the requirement of the sand filter. As a whole, the lower washed-out turbidly, abrasion loss, and the solvency in HCl were obtained at the sintered filter with properly productive conditions including the sintering temperature above 1,150℃, the lengthened sintering time, and the non-breaking operation, showing the ability of anti-wearing and anti-corroding. Nevertheless, the porosity on the surface of sintered filter was determined by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) with a minimum sintering time of 10 minutes and the decreased sintering temperature (1,100℃, 1,125℃). Furthermore, the artificial breaking was noted to increase the water adsorption and specific surface, improving the effect of the filtration. According to the statistics, comparing sintering time, sintering temperature was the main variable that affects the effect of sintering. After the test of the efficiency of turbidity removal, unbroken sintered filter under the sintering temperature of 1,125℃and 10-minute sintered, its filtration performance is similar to the sand flilled in the 10-cm filter bed. Even the efficiency of turbidity of dual-filter was better; the ration of unbroken filter replaced was 25% and 75%. Sintered under the same conditions but crumbled artificially later, the broken sintered filter improved the decreasing efficiency of turbidity removal into upwards, extending the filter run. In conclusion, the sintered filter reveals its potential to replace the sand as the filter media of the deep bed filtration in terms of the stably physical and chemical characteristics, and the competence of turbidity removal. |
