| 摘要: | 雖然電梯發展至今已超過一個世紀，然而國內對於電梯使用行為與耗能間之關係鮮少研究。在現今能源逐漸減少的情形下，除了開發新的替代能源外，如何有效利用能源並改變人們消耗能源的行為模式，更是當務之急。本研究希望透過連續電力監測探討有效的電梯節能措施與效益，以提供電梯管理者作為電梯節能管控參考。 本研究以設置於新竹工業技術研究院A51館中之「電梯電力即時監測系統」為研究對象，進行電梯搭乘控制實驗與用電行為分析。透過連續電力監測資料之分析與標準模型建立，嘗試建立一套以電力資料估算乘客搭乘樓層數之方法、指標及資料庫。 本研究以單樓層電梯控制搭乘實驗，探討電梯行進樓層數、電梯內荷重及行進方向與電梯運行時間之關係。統計檢定結果顯示，在95%信賴區間下，電梯行進相同樓層數之運轉電力與電梯內荷重及行進方向有顯著差異；但電梯行進相同樓層數之運行時間，則不會因電梯內荷重及行進方向不同，而有明顯差異。因此，電梯運行時間可以作為判斷電梯行進樓層數之評估指標。 本研究再行規劃多樓層電梯控制搭乘實驗，成功的建立搭乘時間與行進樓層關係判別資料庫，作為後續比對分析實際日常電梯撘乘行為研究之基礎。透過實證分析工研院A51館四、五、六號電梯「平常日」及「例假日」共計345,600筆電力資料，發現乘客搭乘電梯每次平均用電量約為0.014~0.018kwh，平均多行進一個樓層數約增加0.001~0.007 kwh。平常日電梯使用集中於白天(7時~19時)，佔總運轉電力92%，而行進1~3個樓層數為1474次，佔總搭乘42%，鼓勵乘客短程(3個樓層內)步行，平均每日每部電梯可可節省14%電梯總用電量。而平常日(20時~隔日7時)因搭乘需求量少於42次/小時，若於此時段關閉電梯，則平均每日每部電梯可節省18%電梯總用電量。 研究結果顯示，善用電力監測數據，可作為執行電梯管控策略重要依據，進而達到有效節能效益。 Though the elevator was invented over a century ago, the correlations between elevator use behavior and elevator electricity consumption were rarely studied in Taiwan. As energy resources are reducing, making effective use of energy and changing the human behavioral patterns of energy use have become an immediate issue apart from developing alternative energy. This study investigated the effective energy-saving strategies and energy-saving efficiency of elevators through continuous electricity monitoring in order to provide life administrators with a reference for saving energy from elevator use. This study conducted the elevator travel control experiment and elevator use behavior analysis with the Elevator Electricity Real-time Monitoring System in Hall A51, Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), in Hsinchu. By analyzing the continuous electricity monitoring data and establishing a standard model, a method, indicators, and a database for estimating the number of floors that passengers travel in elevators were established. This study investigated the correlations among the number of floors travelled by the elevator, elevator load and traveling direction, and elevator operating time with the single-floor elevator travel control experiment. Statistics at 95% confidence show that the difference between the same floor to which elevators travel and elevator load and traveling direction is statistically significant; though the difference between the operating time of elevators traveling to the same floor and the elevator load and traveling direction is statically insignificant. Therefore, the elevator operating time can be an indicator for estimating the number of floors that an elevator travels. The multi-floor elevator travel control experiment was further conducted, and a database has been successfully established to discriminate the correlations between the time and number of floors the elevator travels as the foundation for further analyzing the actual elevator use behavior. Results of the empirical analysis of a total of 345,600 electricity data items collected on weekdays and holidays from elevators 4~6 in Hall A51 show that the average electricity consumption of every travel is about 0.014~0.018kwh, and about 0.001~0.007 kwh of electricity is needed for traveling to another floor. The peak elevator use session is 07:00~19:00, consuming 92% of electricity for elevator operations; 1474 travels fall between the 1st and 3rd floors, commanding at 42% of total elevator occupancy. By encouraging passengers to take the stairs to travel to lower floors (3 or less), On average, 14% of energy is saved by an elevator on a daily basis.When elevator occupancy is less than 42 times/hour, i.e. 20:00~07:00 on weekdays,If the elevator is shut down between 8pm – 7am, 18% of energy is saved by an elevator on a daily basis Results of this study show that the effective use of electricity monitoring data can provide important references for elevator control and thereby ensure enhance energy-saving efficiency. |
