CFSBR系統係屬一個連續進流、批次排放的活性污泥程序，經過多年的研究發展，在電腦資訊化與程序控制自動化上已有相當不錯的成果，然而污泥沉降性的監控方面，仍未有即時監測工具與方法，常常導致污泥品質發生異常的時機不易掌握，而增加系統操作失敗之風險。因此，為符合發展CFSBR自動監測控制系統的需求，本研究乃利用MLSS線上監測設備，並根據CFSBR系統之理論污泥沉降型態及理論MLSS監測曲線，建立一線上即時量測活性污泥沉降性的方法，包括計算層沉降速率(ZSV)、污泥體積(SVeq)的參數，以作為評估污泥品質與系統操作成效之依據。研究操作初期，利用線上監測之污泥沉降性資料，觀察CFSBR系統在馴養期間污泥品質與系統處理成效之結果發現，為達到單槽中同時去除碳、氮及磷的功能，馴養期於好氧相之操作，應提供硝化菌喜好的較高溶氧環境，以促進其生長，並使膠羽形成菌具備競爭優勢，抑制絲狀菌之生長，防止沉降性不佳問題之發生。最後，系統可根據即時監測污泥沈降情形，控制沈澱相的操作時間，減少還原物種累積於反應槽中，使放流水的水質更佳。另外並藉由即時量測之污泥沉降速度來決定排水堰的啟動時間，以降低污泥流失的風險，同時應用於排泥相的廢棄污泥量控制上，可有效維持系統操作之穩定性，達成CFSBR系統自動化與最佳化控制之需求。 A CFSBR (continuous-flow sequencing batch reactor) is an activated sludge process that wastewater flows in continuously and flows out batch by batch. The system consists of six phases: anaerobic, aerobic, anoxic, re-aeration, settling, as well as water and sludge discharge phases. Data processing and process automation have been well established after years of development of this system. However, there is still no effective monitoring for the characteristics of the activated sludge in the reactor, which leads to difficulties to control the performance of the system promptly. In this research, MLSS sensors are utilized to monitor the quality of the sludge in the system. A real-time measuring method for activated sludge characteristics, such as zone settling velocity (ZSV) and the sludge volume parameter (SVeq), was developed based on the activated sludge settling theory and the MLSS monitoring curves. The measured values were used to evaluate the quality of the sludge and the performance of the CFSBR. It was found that in order to remove carbonaceous, nitrogenous, and phosphorus materials from the wastewater, the dissolved oxygen in the aerobic phase during the sludge cultivation period should be high enough so that the growth of nitrified bacteria could be enhanced and that of filamentous microorganisms could be suppressed, which would prevent the poor settling of the sludge. The operation time of the sludge settling phase was then minimized by monitoring the settling of sludge, which would decrease the accumulation of reduced species and improve the quality of the discharged water. Also, the calculated sludge settling velocity could be used to determine the starting time of the drainage weir to minimize the leakages of the sludge. Moreover, the monitored data can be used to estimate the amount of sludge to be discharged and maintain the stability of the system.
