黏土中交換性陽離子催化加氯副產物之研究; The study of Disinfection by-products(DBPS) catalyed by exchangable cations of clay

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题名:	黏土中交換性陽離子催化加氯副產物之研究;The study of Disinfection by-products(DBPS) catalyed by exchangable cations of clay
作者:	詹明月;Ming-Yueh Chan
贡献者:	環境工程研究所
关键词:	不同表面特性黏土;表面催化;消毒副產物;氯化反應;chlorination;clay;catalysis;disinfection by-products (DBPs)
日期:	2004-06-14
上传时间:	2009-09-21 12:16:10 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學圖書館
摘要:	淨水程序中有機污染物之氯化機制相當複雜，且很可能受到原水中共同存在之黏土物質或陽離子催化的影響而加強其作用。本研究群過去已針對幾種含不同交換性陽離子之黏土進行氯化產物探討，但對於不同量交換性陽離子黏土及不同型態交換性陽離子催化機制，則尚待更多瞭解與釐清，故本研究嘗試控制不同的置換因子，製備具不同飽和度的土壤，以腐質酸及高分子凝聚劑作為催化過程所需的有機物，以一連串之批次實驗進行分析探討，來釐清含不同量交換性陽子離子之黏土的催化機制，實驗結果並與不同型態陽離子之氯化產物相比較，以期瞭解更多交換性陽離子的催化機制，藉以深入探討水中懸浮微粒催化原水中天然腐植質氯化反應時之行為及其反應機制。不同金屬陽離子黏土催化氯化反應後之消毒副產物生成總量依序為：鈦-蒙特石>鐵-蒙特石>銅-蒙特石>錳-蒙特石>鈣-蒙特石，不同自由態金屬陽離子，催化所得消毒副產物之生成量多寡依序為TiCl4 > FeCl3 > FeCl2 > CuCl2 >MnCl2 > CaCl2>CuCl，研究結果顯示，不論是在不同金屬陽離子黏土或是自由態金屬陽離子的催化，催化能力均深受金屬陽離子本身的特性影響，其中均以含鈦離子之催化效果最佳，推估主要因為鈦離子之價軌域為3d04S0，含有較多空的d軌域，因而提供有機物電子較多的反應位置，使得催化效果較佳。另外催化隨著土壤克數的增加，催化所生成的消毒副產物也隨之增加，置換率的提升有也住於消毒副產物生成量的提升，但整體而言金屬種類的影響大於飽和度的影響。 The mechanism of organic compound chlorination during drinking water purification process is complicated. General speaking, in presence of cation in either clay or solution may cause a significant increase in formation of disinfection by-products(DPBs). In our earlier studies, the effects of the different exchangeable cations on clay surface to catalyze chlorinated reaction of organic compounds have ever been elucidated. However, the importance for the exchangeable cation amount in the chlorination reaction needs to be described further. For this reason, the montmorillonite with Ca2+ exchanged by different amounts of cation, including Cu2+, Fe3+,and Ti4+, was employed as the catalyst to examine the product using the NaOCl chlorination humic acid or polymer under a series of batch experiments. A comparable result between cation on the montmorillonite and free cation in the solution was observed to discuss the mechanism of organic compound chlorination. The results indicated that the total formation potential of disinfection by-products (DBPs) for cation-montmorillonite is in the following order :Ti-Mont> Fe-Mont> Cu-Mont> Mn-Mont> Ca-Mont. For the free cation, the order is TiCl4 > FeCl3> FeCl2> CuCl2> MnCl2 >CaCl2> CuCl. The similar result was attributed to that the transition-mental cations process an empty d-orbital, especially in a higher valence state, to act as strong Lewis acid sites and electron acceptors, leading to higher valence state, on the other hand, although the higher amount of the exchange cation can promote the DBPs, the increase trend is unapparent relative to different metal species. The result can be concluded that cation species on the clay is a dominant factor due to they offer a catalytic center where the reaction occur
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