垃圾焚化處理流程中主要空氣污染物有粒狀污染物，酸性氣體如氮氧化物、硫氧化物、氯化氫，重金屬如鉛、鎘、汞及有機物如戴奧辛、呋喃等。焚化廢氣處理設備以旋風集塵機、靜電集塵器、袋濾式集塵器等去除粒狀污染物，氮氧化物以選擇性非觸媒還原法或選擇性觸媒還原法去除，硫氧化物及氯化氫等酸性氣體使用半乾式洗煙塔、乾式洗煙塔或濕式洗滌塔加入鹼性吸收劑去除，戴奧辛以噴入活性碳吸收或選擇性觸媒還原法去除。 本研究選擇國內4座不同廢氣處理模式之垃圾焚化廠，分析比較焚化每公噸垃圾所需之酸性氣體處理費用，項目包含化學藥品使用費、用電費、用水費及空污費等。 分析比較結果焚化毎公噸垃圾所需之處理費用C廠最低，B廠之處理費用最高，B廠的空氣污染物排放濃度最低。 Air pollutants generated from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) process may include particulate matter, acid gases (such as NOx, SOx, HCl), heavy metals (such as Pb, Cd, Hg) and organic matter (such as dioxin and furan). Particles generated are generally collected by cyclone, EP, or FF, while nitrogen oxides can be treated with either selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) or selective catalytic reduction (SCR). On the other hand, acid gases including sulfur oxides and hydrogen chloride are effectively removed by either wet scrubbers, semi-dry scrubbers or dry scrubbers with the addition of alkaline agent. Dioxin and furan can be efficiently removed by injecting powder activated carbon followed by the baghouse or be destroyed by SCR. This study selected four municipal waste incinerators equipped with different air pollution control devices (APCDs) for further investigation and comparison regarding the efficiencies and cost of removing acid gases from the processes. For the purpose of comparison, the costs of treating one ton of waste including chemicals, electricity, water usage and pollutant discharge fee are analyzed. The results indicate that incinerator C is of the lowest cost while the incinerator B has the highest cost for treating the air pollutants. Interestingly, incinerator B is also of the lowest air pollutant emissions compared to other incinerators.
