| 摘要: | 近年來電弧爐集塵灰以及都市垃圾焚化飛灰為大量之有害事業廢棄物，極待妥善之處理與資源化。本研究嘗試利用電弧爐集塵灰中含大量氧化物(Fe2O3、ZnO)，及鋁屑中之金屬鋁等配製成廢棄物衍生助熔劑，應用其鋁熱反應產生之大量能源，以改善傳統熔融耗能之特性。電弧爐集塵灰、都市垃圾焚化飛灰及鋁屑等，鋁熱反應物以外之成分與雜質，皆影響熔融劑之配製與熔融反應之特性，以及資源回收產物之性質。 本研究針對不同前處理的預熱時間溫度和粒徑做探討，電弧爐集塵灰在預熱600度3小時有最佳純化效果，主要反應物種ZnFe2O4結晶相隨著溫度上升強度有增加的趨勢：對於不同鋁屑粒徑大小，結果顯示過200號篩者，經由DTA/TG圖看出其放熱行為更明顯，其反應波峰溫度也較低，有最佳反應性。 針對廢棄物衍生thermite熔融劑，本研究以固定電弧爐集塵灰量，變化其鋁屑添加量，並利用熱差分析探討其反應之活化能與反應特性。實驗結果顯示，鋁屑和電弧爐集塵灰之最佳配比為2.66:1(電弧爐集塵灰:鋁屑)，其熔融反應溫度因反應槽機構而異，可達2239℃；活化能為92kJ/mole。在回收熔渣之重金屬溶出試驗，皆符合法規管制之標準，且熔渣作為骨材應用時，其鹼矽骨材試驗方面皆屬於無害區域，可進一步處理其他有害事業廢棄物。 在前置實驗決定其最佳配比後，與廢棄物焚化飛灰進行鋁熱反應與共同熔融。實驗探討反應之自傳播性、反應溫度變化，及回收金屬與熔渣之特性。結果顯示，飛灰之最大可能處理量為48%，外添加量小於48%時，反應均具有自傳播性，於48%範圍以內，反應溫度視反應槽之結構而異，介於2239-1687oC。 回收合金之含鐵量為87-92%，熔渣之化學抗性耐鹼度優於耐酸度。熔渣作為骨材利用時之鹼矽反應測試，顯示皆在無害範圍。 本實驗數據成果顯示，由電弧爐集塵灰與鋁屑廢棄物衍生thermite熔融劑，不但可以解決熔融時所需大量能源，亦可同時回收金屬與熔渣資源，為一具有潛力之熔融技術。而電弧爐集塵灰衍生熔融劑用於回收處理焚化飛灰，亦具有可行性。 Electric arc furnace is collected the dust and dust and city rubbish incinerate the flying dust as a large number of harmful undertaking offals in recent years, treat appropriate treatment and recycle treatment very much. Try to utilize the electric arc furnace to be collected and included a large number of oxides (Fe2O3 , ZnO ) in dust and dust in this research, and the metal aluminium in the aluminium bits ,etc. compound into an offal and derive flux , use a large amount of energy that its hot response of aluminium produced , characteristic of consuming energy in order to improve traditional melting. Electric arc furnace is collected the dust and dust , city rubbish incinerate the flying dust and aluminium bits etc., the composition and impurity beyond the hot reactant of aluminium, all influence compounding the characteristic that reacts with melting , and the nature of the resource recovery result of melting pharmaceutical. This research to with before deal with preheat by the temperatures and grain time directly it make by discussion, electric arc furnace is collected the dust and dust are preheating 600 degrees there is the best purification result in 3 hours, the main response species ZnFe2O4 crystallization looks rises as temperature the intensity has trend of increase: As to different aluminium bits grains of foot-path size, result show size 200 person who sift, find out via DTA/TG picture it send out heat behavior obvious, its response crest temperature is relatively low too, there is the best responsivity . This experimental data achievement shows, collected the dust and dust and aluminium bits offal by the electric arc furnace and derived the melting pharmaceutical of thermite, not only a large amount of necessary energy when can solve melting , can also retrieve the metal and slag resource at the same time , for a melting technology with potentiality. And electric arc furnace is collected the dust and dust derive melting pharmaceutical and deal with and incinerate the flying dust for retrieving , also have feasibility. |
