四丁基銨鹽水溶液之電導,離子締合及成分活性係數研究; Conductance, Association and Component Activity Coefficients of Aqueous Solutions of Tetrabutylammonium Salts.

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Title:	四丁基銨鹽水溶液之電導,離子締合及成分活性係數研究;Conductance, Association and Component Activity Coefficients of Aqueous Solutions of Tetrabutylammonium Salts.
Authors:	李佩玲;Pei-Ling Lee
Contributors:	化學工程與材料工程研究所
Keywords:	電導;四丁基銨鹽;活性係數;離子締合;Activity Coefficients;Association;Conductance
Date:	2004-07-02
Issue Date:	2009-09-21 12:24:11 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學圖書館
Abstract:	摘要本實驗研究以導電度法併用蒸氣壓量度法求得離子活性係數γ±。研究系統主要為四丁基銨鹽(QY，Q=Bu4N+、Y=Br-、Cl-、HSO4-、I-)。本研究先探討導電度κ、當量導電度Λ、締合常數KA、締合度θ、蒸氣壓P，活性係數γw、、γIP、γ±與濃度之關係。(A)導電度κ、締合常數(1)四丁基銨鹽水溶液導電度會先隨著濃度增加而增加，到某一濃度時導電度會突然下降，此時可能形成Ion Pair離子；(2)系統中QHSO4為一較高導電度，QI對水之溶解度較小，故只能做到低濃度。(3)導電度κ越大，KA、Λ˚也越大。(4)四丁基銨鹽之陰離子半徑越大則締合常數KA越小， Å) > Å) > Å) > Å)，故於水中。(B)締合度θ(1)系統濃度越小，θ值亦越小；離子數越少相對的締合度就越小。(2)由κ對(1-θ)C圖，得θ與自由離子呈線性關係，若不合理並不會呈現線性圖；所以用導電度κ來求締合度θ是可靠性的。(C)蒸氣壓(1)季銨鹽的加入會使得蒸氣壓的量度下降，濃度越小，蒸氣壓的變化會趨近於水蒸氣壓。(D)活性係數(1)使用Debye-Hückel limiting求得之活性係數在高濃度時會有較大的誤差，濃度<10-3M用導電度方程式求得較準確，濃度越大時，γw、γIP會越小。γ±對濃度圖會形成一曲線；當濃度越小，γ±會趨近於1：若不然且大於1，極有可能形成自由離子。 The study use the way of conductance and vapor pressure to meansure the activity of ion pair. The system we study are Tetrabutylammonium Salts(QY，Q=Bu4N+、Y=Br-、Cl-、HSO4-、I-).We will get the conductivity, molar conductivity,association constant,association fraction,vapor pressure,activity Coefficients and can study the relation between them and concentration.
Appears in Collections:	[National Central University Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering] Electronic Thesis & Dissertation

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