| 摘要: | 本研究藉由有機高分子導入溶膠-凝膠程序中，而製備出高透光性之超疏水性薄膜。有機無機混成膜經過高溫移除有機高分子後，則會出現帶有親水性質的粗糙表面，再進一步進行表面改質，則表面會由親水轉變成疏水性質。 本研究選用聚乙二醇（PEG）、聚丙二醇（PPG）與聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）高分子分別與矽氧烷化合物進行混成作用，探討在不同參數改變下，有機或無機相發生相分離現象對於有機無機混成膜表面粗糙度的影響。進一步利用接觸角儀、掃瞄式電子顯微鏡（SEM）、原子力顯微鏡（AFM）、傅立葉轉換紅外光譜儀（FTIR）、紫外光/可見光分光光譜儀（UV）、X光光電子能譜儀（XPS）與氮氣吸附孔隙儀（ASAP）等來分析薄膜特性。 當導入非溶劑正己烷於silica-PEG混成膜與多層塗佈將有助於薄膜接觸角的提升。若將薄膜塗佈四層，並且每層都導入正己烷於薄膜上，將可獲得最佳之接觸角度為157.1°。 利用silica-PEG混成膜也可製備高透光性之超疏水性薄膜。實驗結果顯示溶膠-凝膠程序之最佳化參數設定為莫耳比TEOS/H2O/EtOH=1/4/4。若改變混合溶液之pH值從0至8，可有效改變薄膜之接觸角。當調整混合溶液pH值到0，其薄膜接觸角可提升至150.4°。且於可見光範圍內，其薄膜透光度可超過94.5％。 利用silica-PPG混成膜製備超疏水性薄膜，於低溫下可輕易地提升薄膜接觸角。當PPG溶液對前驅物溶液的比值為5且於5℃的低溫下，可以製備出接觸角大於150°，且透光度於可見光範圍內大於80％之薄膜。 利用silica-PPG混成膜也可製備高透光性之超疏水性薄膜。主要藉由混合溶液pH值的調整（從0至8）以探討其對於薄膜接觸角與透光性之影響。當silica-PPG混合溶液之pH值調整到1時，可以製備出接觸角大於150°且透光度超過90％之薄膜。然而，為了有效控制薄膜接觸角與透光性，在此添加酸含量於6g之混合溶液中。當添加之酸含量為20μL時，薄膜接觸角為156.3°，並且在可見光範圍內其薄膜透光度高達97.9％。 最後，藉由PVP、PEG與PPG之不同結構高分子以探討其對於製備超疏水性薄膜之影響。由實驗結果可知，藉由PPG高分子所製備之孔洞與表面粗糙度提升最多，使得孔洞分佈由微孔、中孔移向巨孔洞，因此最容易製備出超疏水性薄膜。這是由於PPG高分子與TEOS的混成程度較其他兩者是最差的。 Preparation of superhydrophobic silica-based surfaces with high transmittance via sol-gel process by adding polymers into the precursor solution has been developed. Surface roughness of the films was obtained by removing the organic polymer from the organic-inorganic hybrid films at high temperature and then the hydrophobic groups bonded onto the surfaces were obtained by self-assembly modification. In order to realize the relationship between the phase separation of organic/inorganic species and the surface roughness, the hybridation of polymers (PEG, PPG and PVP) and alkoxysilane were discussed in this study. Characteristic properties of the as-prepared films were analyzed by contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometer, UV-VIS scanning spectrophotometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrophotometer and Accelerated Surface Area and Porosimetry (ASAP). The multi-layer of the films with adding n-hexane onto the silica-PEG hybrid films during the casting process resulted in the high contact angles of the as-prepared films. The four-layer of the film with adding n-hexane on each layer exhibited the excellent contact angle, 157.1˚. The superhydrophobic silica-based surfaces with high transmittance were also prepared by using silica-PEG hybrid films. When the pH value of mixing solution was adjusted from 0 to 8, the contact angles of the films were changed obviously. When the pH value of mixing solution was adjusted to 0, the contact angle of the film can be promoted to 150.4°. At the same time, the transmittance of the films in the visible light region was greater than 94.5%. It was easily to promote the contact angles of the films at lower temperature by using silica-PPG hybrid films. The result showed that the contact angles of the films prepared at 5°C were greater than 150° when the weight ratio of PPG solution to precursor solution was 5. In addition, the transmittance of the films was greater than 80% simultaneously. The superhydrophobic silica-based surfaces with high transmittance were also prepared by using silica-PPG hybrid films. The contact angles and transmittance of the films were varied by the adjustment of pH value of mixing solution. When the pH value of mixing solution was adjusted to 1, the contact angle of the film was greater than 150° and the transmittance of the film was greater than 90% simultaneously. In addition, the high transparent and superhydrophobic surface can be obtained by adding 20μL acid solution into the mixing solution, which the contact angle of the film was 156.3° as well as the transmittance of the film was 97.9% in the visible light region. Finally, the superhydrophobic silica-based films were investigated by using TEOS and different structures of polymeric species (PVP, PEG and PPG). The surface roughness and pore size were enhanced by using PPG polymeric specie. It was considered that the distribution of the pore size by silica-PPG system was from microporous, mesoporous to macroporous regions and the hybrid degree of silica-PPG was weaker than that of others. |
