本研究分為二部分，第一部分採用兩步陽極氧化的方式藉由改變電解液、電壓及溫度等參數，成功製成50nm、30nm、20nm、15nm四種孔徑大小的規則氧化鋁膜模板；在不同孔徑的氧化鋁膜模板內合成聚苯胺奈米管/線；藉由SEM及TEM影像分析聚苯胺奈米管/線的形態，以FT-IR和CV對合成的產物進行定性分析，證實在自製氧化鋁膜內所合成出的確實為聚苯胺結構；此外，將導電高分子聚苯胺應用在氣體感測器上，對NO2氣體進行測試並和以界面法合成的聚苯胺奈米纖維做一比較。由實驗結果比較其靈敏度發現，由於聚苯胺管比聚苯胺纖維有較大的表面積，所以反應靈敏度較高；在聚苯胺管方面，孔洞直徑在200nm至50nm範圍氧化鋁膜模板所生成之奈米管，由於直徑較小的奈米管單位重量具有較大的表面積，因此直徑愈小，靈敏度愈高；孔洞直徑在30nm之下的氧化鋁膜模板由於不易生成空心的奈米管，再加上洞口被覆蓋物阻擋，影響NO2的擴散，使得靈敏度反而減小。此外，將合成好的聚苯胺奈米管浸置於HAuCl4溶液中，利用聚苯胺奈米管本身的還原能力將金離子還原，使金沉積在聚苯胺上，由EDX分析確定其為金， mapping分析發現在聚苯胺上分布均勻，並由於金有較佳的導電度，可以幫助電子傳遞，提升感測材料的整體靈敏度。使用結構較大的DBSA取代HCl進行摻雜，發現其再現性頗佳，因此判斷聚苯胺在NO2氧化過程中伴隨著去摻雜作用的發生，而非只是單存的氧化。 本研究第二部分為以聚苯胺、聚苯胺-金屬修飾白金電極，藉以提升作為葡萄糖感測器之靈敏性、再現性及電流訊號，並由mapping分析觀察各種金屬在聚苯胺上的分佈狀況。從實驗結果分析分析發現就靈敏度及再現性而言：金屬-聚苯胺修飾電極>聚苯胺修飾電極>未經修飾電極；就各種金屬-聚苯胺修飾電極比較，其中銀的電流訊號最佳，金的再現性最好，鈀的靈敏性最好。 There are two parts in this thesis: firstly, we fabricate ordered anodic alumina membranes(AAO) with uniform pore diameters of 50 nm, 30 nm, 20 nm and 15nm by two-step anodizing process. Then, we synthesize polyaniline nanotubes/wires by electrochemical method within the holes of the AAO membrane. SEM and TEM were used to observe the morphology of the polyaniline nanotubes/wires. FT-IR spectra and CV show that the product synthesized in the channels of AAO membranes is polyaniline. Different structures of polyaniline nanotubes and wires are tested as sensor materials for detecting NO2. The sensitivities of polyaniline nanotubes are higher than nanofibers because of the larger surface area of polyaniline nanotubes. For polyaniline nanotubes, when the tube diameters are between 200nm and 50nm, the sensitivity increases while decreasing diameters of the tube. Since the smaller nanotubes have larger surface area per unit weight. But when the tube diameters are smaller than 30nm, the sensitivity lowered while decreasing diameter. Additionally, polyaniline materials were immersed in HAuCl4 solution, gold was deposited on polyaniline. EDX was used to check the presence of gold and mapping was used to obtain the distribution of gold. The polyaniline/gold sensor has better sensitivity than polyaniline sensor because gold help the transference of electrons. We choose DBSA instead of HCl as dopant, the reproducibility of the sensor is greatly enhanced. Secondly, the Pt electrodes for glucose sensor are modified with polianiline and polianiline-metal (palladium, silver, gold). The result shows that both the sensitivity and reproducibility decrease in following order : metal-polyaniline electrode>polyaniline electrode>unmodified electrode. Comparisons of the metal-polyaniline electrodes show that silver-polyaniline has the highest current, gold-polyaniline has the best reproducibility, and palladium –polyaniline has the best sensitivity.
