宋朝科舉發達、文學蓬勃，兼擅各體的文人輩出；探討文學創作、指導科考的書籍也大量湧現，南宋末年更是評點文學興起的關鍵時期。宋末愛國文人謝枋得詩文俱佳，編輯評點的書籍又炙手可熱，是當時文壇舉足輕重的人物。本文即以其散文及評點本《文章軌範》為研究對象。先結合外緣的歷史環境、文學發展，及內緣的個人生平、師承淵源、心理思想等因素，來剖析其散文各類體裁的書寫意識、內容主題、寫作技法，呈現其散文的特色。再運用歸納及比較法來解析其《文章軌範》編選、評點的傾向，並和同時代的著名選本加以比較，以明此書的價值，又從文體學、文章學、評點學、寫作學、科舉學等角度切入，來分析《文章軌範》一書的地位。最後則是將《文章軌範》相關的作文觀點及謝枋得實踐在散文寫作上的表現加以融會貫通，建構出謝氏指導作文的見解並說明對明清兩代文學主張的影響。 Imperial examinations are highly developed in Sung Dynasty and its literature is in full blossom. Therefore, there are numerous literati who specialize in a wide range of writing genres during this period of time. Discussion of literature creation and reference books about taking exams are consequently abundant. What’s more, the late year of South Sung Dynasty is quite critical phase for literacy criticism to prosper. A patriotic scholar, Hsieh Fang-Te, adroit at writing poems and compositions, is a well-known, big person in his contemporary society. Books of criticism edited by him are extremely popular as well. This thesis uses Hsieh’s essays along with edited books of criticism, Article Models, as the focuses of this thesis. The analytical framework in this thesis is constructed by two distinctive perspectives: viewpoints of historical environment and literary development in combination with reviews of his life biography, educational background, and thoughts. These are used to analyze Hsieh’s composing ideology, writing topics, writing techniques, and characteristics of writing essays. The further approaches—induction and the methods of compare and contrast—are employed to give a detailed analysis on how Hsieh selects or edits Article Models and his preferences for criticism. From different angles—stylistics, articles, criticism, writing theory and study on imperial examination, Article Models can show its influential and pivotal role in the literary field. The conclusion of the current study integrates relevant viewpoints of composition and the technique of expression in writing essays in order to construct Hsieh’s concept of instructing how to write compositions and present its effect on the writing styles of Ming and Ching Dynasty.
