論 文 摘 要 羅近溪之思想，可以從他對孝弟慈之詮釋來收攝，由此宗旨而開展出其思想體系。而欲瞭解近溪的孝弟慈論之宗旨，可以從本體與工夫二種角度切入。從本體言孝弟慈，此即是人的良知與赤子之心，不僅具有人能實踐道德的主體性，同時亦具普遍於一切人的客觀性，此孝弟慈亦即是仁，為人能上達於天之性體。近溪由孝弟慈之倫常實踐之樂之生惡可已，而體會天道之生生不已，如此便對天道之內容，給出了從孝弟慈之實踐即能體會的親切證明。從工夫言孝弟慈，則由最切身的家庭倫常之善盡，進而開展出成聖的工夫論，其工夫由孝弟慈看，本是一個整體，分言之，則有不同的工夫次第。筆者以為，近溪之言工夫，有「復以自知」、「格物」與「破光景」三層。於日用倫常之中，體證此時之知愛知敬者即是良知，此即是「復以自知」的工夫，是良知通過其本於天之善而能逆知其自己，此證體工夫於近溪說法中，尚有「克己復禮」、「致良知」、「信得及」與「體仁」等，其實是同一工夫的各個面向。為避免復以自知工夫流於主觀，近溪以格物工夫之法古聖至善規矩作為輔助，令學者在致良知中有典範可循。此工夫是近溪對朱子學之重「學」的吸收，然近溪如此言學是有根源地學，非徒取法於聖王規矩以用於身，而是見諸古聖之典範，而喚發學者之道德心，在己心中找到與聖人相同的根據，依此本心而實踐之。如此根於本心之實踐，又以聖人之規矩穩定此心之客觀性，是近溪本諸孔子而言「仁禮兩端」之工夫。對於成聖之學的汲汲追求，而不免把良知當對象把捉之問題，近溪於是以「破光景」工夫，將學者之執持打落，使回歸孝弟慈之自然平常，認為聖人亦只是由此平常之性做起，而推致此性於天地萬物，聖人境界即是孝弟慈之善性得以自然流行，渾淪順適。 近溪的工夫論，是由百姓日用而不知的孝弟慈作起點，繼而能自知而上同於天道生生，再進至聖人境界，此一過程，是以復以自知為工夫之主體，輔以聖人至善之客觀規矩，最後打破光景而回歸孝弟慈之自然平常，此一套成聖工夫正是近溪學問之用心處，由此亦可見近溪思想主旨、脈絡皆分明而自成系統。 ABSTRACT The major discussion in this thesis is about the Lo Chin-his's distinctive thoughts which are showed in his Gong-fu theory. The tenet of Lo Chin-his's philosophical theory is Filial piety, Fraternal responsibility and Benevolence (Hsiao-di-ci). Basing on Hsiao-di-ci , Lo Chin-his had developed his philosophical theory. From the noumenal perspective, Hsiao-di-ci is equal to liang-chih and further reaching the Tian-Dao. That is Lo Chin-his's moral metaphysics. From the Gong-fu's perspective, Hsiao-di-ci can be discussed into three dimensions, namely Returning to self-consciousness, Investigation of things (Ke-wu) , and Clearing bright vision (Po-guang-jing). Returning to self-consciousness is a kind of Gong-fu that is the moral subject returning to realize liang-chih within itself. Investigation of things (Ke-wu) is a kind of Gong-fu that is learning from classics of sages, and assisting in Returning to self-consciousness. Clearing bright vision (Po-guang-jing) is a kind of Gong-fu that is laying down learned men's clinging to liang-chih, and making learned men returning to their daily life. In brief, the previous mention is a system of Lo Chin-his's Gong-fu theory, also his distinctive thoughts.
