| 摘要: | 本文討論張愛玲小說人物變態心理，著重於探討變態心理的成因，以及其所造成的心理狀況與脫軌行為。本文首先定義變態心理學及其相關理論，再由張愛玲本人的身世背景切入，進而導論張氏心理與小說人物的聯繫，並論及家庭與愛情對張氏的影響。爾後進入主題，分析張氏筆下的變態親情關係、變態愛情關係，以及在社會層面影響下的變態面相，如父權主義的壓抑、戰亂、貧窮所造成的變態心理。以上各種變態心理在張氏文本中皆有案例可循，如〈金鎖記〉曹七巧對長白長安的教育方式可視為變態的親情關係，〈心經〉中許小寒對父親的愛戀雖歸類為亂倫之變態愛情關係，但同時亦可視為變態親情關係。〈紅玫瑰與白玫瑰〉則從商業與傳統道德的社會角度論述，故事中佟振保對傳統社會規範的陽奉陰違，以及孟烟鸝在父權主義的權威下，恐懼於正視自己真正的需要，以致終生活在父權統治的陰影下。綜觀以上分析，結論之重點在於總合歸納親情、愛情、社會三主要層面，對張氏小說人物變態心理的影響。本文雖分親情、愛情、社會影響三者來論及變態心理，然三者之間乃是相輔相成的關係，如生物鏈般環環相扣。經觀察發現，張氏筆下每個變態人物的背後，多具有「不得已」的苦楚，或是環境逼迫，或是金錢利誘，或是家庭陰影，或是對愛情認知錯誤，方產生令人唏噓的結局。故作者在描寫他們性格異變的過程時都帶著悲憫的筆觸，這或許就是張愛玲曾引用《論語》所言：「如得其情，哀矜而勿喜」之意。 This article discusses the characters’ abnormal psychology in Eileen Chang’s novels, and puts emphasis on causes of those abnormal psychology characteristic. The essay will also discuss the psychological conditions which lead to derailed behaviors, but not to criticize those impropriate behaviors which depart from regular practice. First of all, this article defines the abnormal psychology and its correlated theories. Then, introducing the life experience of Eileen Chang, and remarks the relationship between Chang’s and the novel character's psychology characteristic. The family and affections of Chang’s personality will also be discussed. The analysis issue will be divided into three main factors, including family, affections, and social aspects, such as war and poverty, which plays vital roles on people’s abnormal personality. We can discover various abnormal personalities in Chang’s novel. We take “Golden Lock” as abnormal family relationship, especially the attitude of Chi-Chiao Tsao treats her own children. The affection between Hsiao-Han Hsu and her father is also considered as abnormal love. Nevertheless, Chen-Bao Tung obeys the traditional rules on appearance, but against them under the table. As for his wife Yen-Li Meng, who is not only afraid to face her own need, but also lives under the traditional control. Combining all the analysis above, we can gather three main factors: family, love, and society aspect, which affect the characters’ abnormal psychology most. Although this article analyzes the abnormal psychology in three vary factors, those factors are also related to each other, as same as the chain rules in biology. After observing, we discover that each abnormal character in Chang’s novels has his/her own sorrow under the surface. Perhaps because of the environment force, money temptation, sad memory from family, or wrong cognition to affection, they produce the tragedies all by themselves after all. That’s why the author always uses sympathetic writing to describe their abnormal changes on characteristic. Perhaps this is what Eileen Chang once quoted Confucian’s speaking means, “After realizing its sentiment, pities but do be feared.” |
