摘要 車輛行經不良路面時會產生強烈的振動，導致駕駛者的乘坐舒適性不佳。乘坐舒適性的評估方法較常見的有以加速度值依照國際規範(ISO 2631-1)來評估駕駛人的乘坐舒適性，以及以實驗後的意見調查表來得知駕駛者的感覺。以加速度大小為考量時，人體對於振動的不舒適感可能因人而異。若以問卷結果為考量，也有太過粗略導致受試者無法清楚表達感覺之疑慮。反之，生理數據對於外在刺激的敏感度高，且具有較客觀的特質，故本研究探討生理反應與加速度之關聯性，以作為評估乘坐舒適性之指標。 本研究運用路況模擬系統來代替實車測試，研究對象為沙灘車輛。依頻域雙對數線性法 f^n，在不同n值下產生之兩種隨機路面，再搭配兩種行車速度組合成四種實驗情境。實驗數據擷取方面包括腦電波、心電波、加速度及主觀評量。本研究共設計兩組實驗，第一組實驗的目的在證實生理訊號與加速度變化之關聯性；第二組實驗的目的在探討全地形車(ATV)在不同實驗情境下的乘適性變化。 研究結果顯示車輛振動強度提高除了帶來乘坐舒適性變差外，人體的生理反應亦不同。心跳速率(HR)、高頻功率頻譜(HF)、低頻功率頻譜(LF)、腦波的ALPHA波及BETA波等五項生理反應對應於加速度變化的趨勢較為明顯，可以作為評估乘坐舒適性之指標。同時，HR、LF、BETA波隨著振動強度增加而上升，而HF及ALPHA波則是隨著振動強度增加而下降。此外，主觀評量問卷之結果亦符合加速度以及生理反應的變化，當加速度增強時，受試者之感覺也較為不適。經由本研究證實車輛的垂直加速度、生理反應與受試者主觀感受有其一致性，未來若能增加受測者人數以進一步提高生理數據的可信度，並引入重複衝擊性振動(ISO 2631-5)與生理訊號的關聯性探討，相信可廣泛應用於車輛開發。 Abstract In Taiwan, lots of road are bumpy that lead to the strong vibration and poor riding comfort for motorists. Many researchers are interested in the driver’s riding comfort recently. The common methods assessing the index of riding comfort includes ISO 2631 standard and subjective evaluation. However, when we adopt the degree of vertical acceleration as the riding index (RI), the drivers’ feeling vary from person to person. While regarding scores of questionnaire as the RI, it is too rough to reflect driver’s feeling. Both of two methods are not objective enough to determine the degree of RI. Due to the physiological response is sensitive to the external stimulus and directly reflect to the internal exciting. Thus, the measures of physiological function are very prospective tools nowadays. The objective of this study is attempted to identify the relationship between physiological response and riding comfort. This research utilized a road simulation test system to evaluate the riding comfort of an all-terrain vehicle (ATV). Two kinds of road surfaces were produced under different n value by the frequency-domain double logarithm linear method ( ). Two driving speeds were conducted in this experiment. Four types of data were recorded during the experiment process: electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), vertical acceleration and subjective evaluation. Moreover, two different experiments were performed in this study. The first experiment is used to verify the high association of physiological functioning with the vertical acceleration. The second experiment is used to investigate the RI change of ATV under different road and driving speeds. Analytic results show that the change of HR value, HF value and LF value of ECG are highly associated with the variation of vertical acceleration, as did the change of ALPHA value and BETA value of EEG. Following the raise of riding discomfort, the increase of HR value, LF value and BETA value are accompanied with the decrease of HF value and ALPHA value. Furthermore, the response of subjective questionnaire also similar to the inclination of vertical acceleration and two kinds of physiological functioning. This investigation explicitly indicated a high association between the physiological functioning (EEG, ECG) with the riding comfort. We believe that the evaluated technology of physiological response on the exposure of impulsive vertical vibration can be used to the vehicular design of automotive industry and mechanical industry in the future.
