| 摘要: | 本研究利用有機廢棄物批次固態厭氧暗醱酵產氫進行處理與資源化，以牛糞做為產氫菌來源，下水道污泥提供產氫過程中所需的營養鹽，模擬廚餘做為微生物生長與氫氣轉換的基質。原料含水量於80 %以下，提升反應槽中的有機負荷，進行固態醱酵，也能減少廢污水(乙酸、丙酸與丁酸等)的生成。本研究根據影響產氫反應的因子設計三個實驗：溫度實驗、配比實驗與前處理實驗，藉由這三個實驗找出厭氧產氫醱酵的最佳操作條件。 溫度實驗中，醱酵槽溫度控制在50~80℃之間，探討最佳產氫溫度。結果發現，醱酵槽溫度60℃時，有最多的產氫量9049 mL、最高的比氫產生率39 mL-H2/g-VS。其中可由批次產氫過程中反應最快的階段，推論連續反應槽的產氫速率，發現65℃有最佳的推論連續式產氫速率774 mL/hr。配比實驗為探討五種牛糞與下水道污泥的混合比例，以找出最佳的處理效率與產氫量。結果發現，以牛糞500 g、下水道污泥1000g與模擬廚餘500 g做為醱酵的原料可得到最多的產氫量9049 mL。基質在醱酵前以四種處理方法(酸、鹼、熱與攪拌)進行前處理，藉以提升產氫量與產氫速率。除了酸處理外，鹼、熱與攪拌處理都可提升產氫效率。其中鹼處理可將產氫的反應時間由50小時減少到25小時，推論連續式產氫速率由359 mL/hr提升至1600 mL/hr。 The aim of this study is to get the hydrogen production by batch solid state anaerobic fermentation from organic wastes, using cow manure as bacteria source, sewage sludge as nutrient supplier, simulated food residues as substrate, etc. The organic waste contains lower moisture, which not only can promote the organic loading but also reduce the waste organic acid liquidity, such as ethanoic, propionic, and butyric, etc. This study focuses on hydrogen production effective factors setting as constant temperature, allocated proportion, and substrate pretreatment. The results may infer to the adaptive operation for hydrogen fermentation processing. In constant temperature experiment, the temperature variables for bacteria screening were setting between 50℃ and 80℃, separated by 5℃increments. From this series, seven thermophilic genera of bacteria were generated and each patch was subjected to 80 hours of thermophilic anaerobic fermentation at its respective constant temperature. The results show that 60℃ series had a noticeable specific hydrogen yield and specific hydrogen conversion rate 39 mL-H2/g-VS and 4.00 g-H2/g-H of VS%, respectively. Furthermore, the batch exponential hydrogen production stage can induce the continued stirrer thermal reactor (CSTR), which has optimal setting temperature in 65℃. In allocated proportion experiment, the slurry mixture was prepared by mixing proportion of cow manure and sewage sludge. The results show that the cow manure 500g, sewage sludge 1000g, and simulated food residues 500g have optimal hydrogen accumulate volume 9049 ml. In pretreatment experiment, the substrates indulge in acid, alkali, heat, and agitation process, respectively. The results show that alkali, heat, and agitation processing can upgrade hydrogen production efficiency except acid treatment. Herein, the alkali treatment can reduce react time from 50 hours to 25 hours; by the way, simulating hydrogen production rate can promote 359ml/hr to 1600ml/hr in CSTR. |
