造紙製程廢水的處理過程中，衍生了大量造紙污泥，如缺乏適當處理方法，會影響環境衛生及造成土地污染。有鑑於此，本研究運用好氧堆肥及蚯蚓之處理方法，以造紙污泥及其他有機廢棄物為堆肥材料，評估堆肥製作之可行性。 本研究堆肥材料組成分別為造紙污泥混合牛糞及造紙污泥混合豬糞及稻殼，放置於1m3容積的通氣式堆肥槽，進行好氧堆肥，運用好氧堆肥嗜熱期之高溫反應使堆肥材料穩定化，反應溫度下降至40℃以下，取出進行30天的蚯蚓處理。 堆肥材料經好氧堆肥後，根據堆肥的外觀及性質分析，作為後續適合蚯蚓處理的素材。另外根據30天後蚯蚓生長的狀況觀察，於堆肥中具有完整蚯蚓生長循環（卵包、幼蚓、無環帶蚯蚓及成蚓（有環帶蚯蚓）），為適合蚯蚓生長的基質。 試驗結果顯示，於不同初始蚯蚓植入密度下，處理造紙污泥混合牛糞最適操作條件為，初始蚯蚓植入密度4.5kg/m2及蚯蚓餵食負荷1.33 kg-feed/kg-worm/day，於不同通氣條件下，處理造紙污泥混合豬糞及稻殼最適操作條件為，初始蚯蚓植入密度4.5kg/m2、蚯蚓餵食負荷1.51 kg-feed/kg-worm/day及通氣量0.04 L-air/min/L-compost 。 本研究之造紙污泥經好氧堆肥及蚯蚓處理後的完熟堆肥，其結構呈現結實及緊密之現象，外觀相當溼潤黏稠，堆肥中營養元素及重金屬含量，亦均符合雜項堆肥規範的要求。 The treatment of wastewater from papermaking processes generally produces large quantities of paper-mill sludge. If the sludge do not properly treat and dispose, it will cause the problems of environmental sanitation and soil pollution. Therefore, this study evaluates the feasibility of making composts from paper-mill sludge and other organic waste materials by aerobic composting and vermicomposting. The experiments were firstly put the mixture of paper-mill sludge (PMS) with cattle manure (CM) and the mixture of PMS with pig manure(PM) and rice husk (RK) into two 1m3 of in-vessel composting tanks, respectively. Then, the mixture was composted under thermophilic stage reaction of Aerobic composting to stabilize the material until the temperature went down to below 40℃. Finally, the pretreated composts were taken out the vessel and following a 30-day vermicomposting process with Eisenia foetida. The suitability of pretreated composts as materials for vermicomposting was based on the appearance and properties analysis after aerobic composting process. In addition, the suitability also based on the observation of earthworm growth condition after 30-day of vermicomposting process. If a whole earthworm’s life cycle included cocoons, young worms, non-clitellated worms and clitellated worms were found in the composts, thus the materials were suitable for the growth of Eisenia foetida. Experimental results indicated that the optimum earthworm seeding density was 4.5 kg/m2 and feed loading rate was 1.33 kg-feed/kg-worm/day for vermicomposting of the mixture of PMS with CM. In addition, the optimum air-flow rate for vermicomposting of the mixture of PMS with PM and RK was 0.04 L-air/min/L-compost at the conditions of 4.5 kg/m2 earthworm seeding density and 1.51 kg-feed/kg-worm/day feed loading rate. The mature composts, converting from paper-mill sludge after aerobic composting and vermicomposting in this study, had good quality with moist appearance and adhesive texture. The contents of various nutrition elements and heavy metals in composts are also met the specification for plant growth
