| 摘要: | 由於產業的蓬勃發展，台北縣已成為北部製造業生產重心，工廠數量與種類繁多，雖然台北縣轄區內有：樹林、土城、五股、林口及瑞芳等五大工業區，但由於都市發展與土地開發種種因素，許多工廠未建置於工業區內，工廠與與社區住宅彼鄰而居不鮮少見，甚至部分工廠直接建置於住宅區內，增加該區域發生危害的風險。 意外事故應變是降低事故嚴重性的重要方式，危害應變除現場的處置作為外，平時的應變資料收集及應變人員的訓練亦為一重要課題，在工業區中由於工廠稠密，平時相關應變及資料收集較為完善，在非工業區外由於工廠零散，因此相關資訊有限，本研究針對台北縣西側人口密度較高之四個市鎮，包括蘆洲市、三重市、板橋市及新莊市新泰路以東工廠運作之毒化物作為對象，根據可能發生之毒化物潛在之危害，建立並掌握危險源及應變資源及目前應變模式。 毒化物初步危害評估係以毒化物本質安全為依據，而毒性化學物質災害潛勢風險分析可模擬毒化物外洩擴散、火災及爆炸之結果，是災害的緊急應變規劃重要資訊，本研究結合地理資訊系統展示潛在危害風險結果，提供毒化災害預防、整備應變與避難疏散之參考依據。 Because of a long history of successful economic development, Taipei County has become a major manufacturing center in northern Taiwan. In meeting industrialization demands, Taipei County developed five industrial parks, namely Shu-Lin, Tu-Cheng, Wu-Ku, Lin-Kou and Jui-Fang. However, because of scarcity of land, many factories are not located in the industrial parks. They are built next to communities and even residential areas, which increases the risks of industrial accidents. Emergency response is an essential element in industrial safety management to reduce the consequence of accidents. To be effective, emergency response planning must be based on scenario development and training of first responders. In industrial parks, because of the close proximities of factories and readily available baseline information, sound emergency response planning can be achieved. However, emergency response planning and response to accidents involving factories outside industrial parks present great challenges because of their location and limited baseline information. The aim of this study is to evaluate the disaster potentials of facilities with their operations involving toxic substances in four townships of Taipei County. The townships of Lu-Chou, San-Chung, Ban-Chiao and the area east of Hsin-Tai road of Hsin-Chuang have high population density with scattered manufacturing, testing facilities and school laboratories. Intrinsic hazard of toxic substances is considered in the preliminary hazard analysis. Scenarios of accidental release, fire and explosion of the toxic substances are developed to estimate the potential risks to the environment and residents of the surrounding communities of all factories. The disaster potential analysis methodologies, primarily the combined use of geographical information system and simulation model, proposed in this study are capable of simulating and forecasting the impact of accidents involving toxic substances. The results provide critical information for accident prevention, emergency response and evacuation planning. |
