劉蕺山的氣論研究; The research on Liu Ji-Shan's Qi Theory

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题名:	劉蕺山的氣論研究;The research on Liu Ji-Shan's Qi Theory
作者:	李慧琪;Huei-chi Lee
贡献者:	中國文學研究所
关键词:	氣;體用一原;養氣;內在而超越;劉宗周;Liu Zong-zhou;Qi;Being and appearance belong to the same origin;Developing the Qi;Immanent Transcendence
日期:	2010-07-23
上传时间:	2010-12-08 13:58:26 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	本文主要是順著「氣」的線索，來討論劉蕺山的思想，進而歸納出蕺山思想的特色。基本上，蕺山的氣論是與其重合一、貴踐履的問題關懷，以及體用一原的合一思維互相呼應的。在本體論方面，蕺山特別重視以流行言本體，此流行兼涵本體自身的活動，和本體即事而顯的活動兩義。反映在其理氣論與心性論上，便總是以氣言理，以心、氣、情言性，而呈現出一種內在而超越的精神。順此想法，蕺山自然也會批評朱子與陽明的理論，以為兩人之說皆有所不足。至於在工夫論方面，蕺山則特別重視以無間斷言工夫，即所謂養氣工夫。此一方面是說本體原無間斷，工夫只須保任此本體自然無間的流行；一方面是說在現實經驗間斷處即是用功處，故須時時戒懼有主。而蕺山不論是言主靜、主敬、慎獨、誠意等工夫，其實最終要求的，都是在眼前當下自然地保任本體流行的無間斷之意。雖然蕺山對王學流弊多有反省，但事實上蕺山的工夫主張，也隱然與王學的發展相符。總之，蕺山的氣論想表現的，就是一個體用一原、情義交融的世界，即透過實踐工夫而彰顯無限意義的世界。 This dissertation is based on the clue from Qi to discuss the thought of Liu Ji-Shan, and then conclude the distinguishing features of his thought. Basically, Ji-Shan’s theory of Qi correspond with his concern and thinking way. Regarding the ontology, Ji-Shan especially pay much attention to explain the reality from the activity. The activity here contains two meanings : the activity of reality itself, and the activity that the reality reflected on things. By reflecting on Li-Qi theory and Xin-Xing theory, it comes out the immanent meaning as there will be no Li without Qi, and there will be also no Xing without Xin / Qi / Qing. According to these thoughts, Ji-Shan do have some criticism against Zhu-Xi and Yang-Ming’s theory. Regarding the theory of cultivation, Ji-Shan especially pay much attention to explain the cultivation from the continuity ( non-stop ). On one hand, it stresses the reality is continuing essentially, the cultivation is just only used to keep the continuing activity of the reality. On the other hand, it also stresses if the reality was interrupted by any issue in case. It is the point we should study hard and focus on. And that’s the reason why we should always be afraid of interrupting the reality and have to concentrate on keeping reality all the time. In conclusion, no matter, Ji-Shan stress on the keeping quiescence / keeping reverence / keeping sincerity of the will / keeping vigilance in solitude. All of them are telling people to keep the continuing activity of the reality at the end. Basically, his concept is a kind of reflection according to research the school of Yang-Ming's thought. To be summarized, Ji-Shan’s Qi theory would like to represent a world, which shows that Being and appearance belong to the same origin, and which shows the emotion and morality can not be divided.
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