西螺－一個農業市鎮的社會經濟變遷（1895-1945）; Siluo, Social and Economic Changes of A Farm Town,1895-1945

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Title:	西螺－一個農業市鎮的社會經濟變遷（1895-1945）;Siluo, Social and Economic Changes of A Farm Town,1895-1945
Authors:	廖珠伶;Chu-ling Liao
Contributors:	歷史研究所
Keywords:	西螺;地方社會;地方菁英;社會經濟變遷;Social And Economic Changes;Siluo;Local Community;Local Elites
Date:	2010-06-24
Issue Date:	2010-12-08 14:11:22 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	西螺，是一個位於嘉南平原上的平凡市鎮，但在歷史的長河中，她卻擁有不同的面貌。本文便是以西螺為主要的分析場域，從清治到日治，就其外在的地理環境變化談起，進而探討內在的行政區域變革、住民的經濟活動、教育文化的影響等。清代以前的西螺，地處濁水溪之南，因具有自然環境的優勢，加上四周皆為平原，自然成為漢人早期移墾臺灣的根據地之一；而加上西螺本身地處交通樞紐，除了農業外，鄰近街庄亦以此地作為物產交易之地，所以其商業機能亦日漸發達。在此態勢之下，清治時期的西螺漸趨發展，由村落演變成街市，長久以來所建立起的政經優勢，使得西螺仍為整個濁水溪沿岸的中心市鎮。當時序進入日治時期，西螺在整個行政區劃上有許多改變，除了名稱由「辨務署→支署→支廳→街」之外，另外管轄區域則日漸縮減。除了外在形式的變動外，內部人民的活動並無太多改變，西螺本身因鄰近濁水溪，使得自身成為物產的轉運交易中心，這對於整個西螺的商況有相當大的助益，所以西螺街上商家林立、百貨齊備；另外，在地工業亦日趨發展。而在日本統治下，亦亟欲塑造出新的意象，當然，教育是最佳途徑。西螺在一般人的心中，一直是文風鼎盛之地，從早期的漢式私塾，到後來的新式學校教育，西螺一直擁有較鄰近村落為多的教育資源，而住民的接受度亦較高。除了學童受教外，愈到統治後期，總督府愈是要同化民心、強用民力，所以地方上出現許多全民式的團體及學習空間。前者以保甲壯丁團、青年團、婦人會等政府外圍組織為主；後者則有「國語」學習機構、圖書館、影片播映等，這些團體與學習，背後則皆有深深的教化意味。最後研究地方菁英與地方社會的關係，從地方菁英的形成談起，檢視清治到日治地方菁英的演變與延續，再者以「人際網絡」與「公共社會事務的參與」來探討地方菁英對於關係的延展與藉由公共事務的參與，重新勾勒出西螺地方菁英所建立的權力網絡與活動空間。 Siluo, is located on the plain ordinary small town, but in the historical perpetual flow, she has actually different appearances. The author of this article takes Siluo as the main analysis field territory, from the Ching Dynasty to the governance of the ruling authority of Japanese government.Besides in the geographical environment change mentions, we will discuss the process of being incorporated and being transformed of its local communities, resident's economic activity, the education culture effects and so on. The Ching Dynasty beforehand, Siluo is situated at Zhuoshuixi river south, because it has the natural environment superiority, in addition all around is the plain, it becomes a naturally Taiwan's bases of the Han people; In addition to being situated at the transportation key position, besides the agriculture, neighboring villages also take this place as the product transaction. Therefore its commercial function is also day by day developed. Under this situation, It is time to The Ching Dynasty and it is also developed. From villiage to street,it has been established the superiority for the long time,and become a central town on the entire Zhuoshuixi river coast. When it is time to the ruling authority of Japanese government, Siluo has many changes in the entire administrative regionalization, like “bureau→ bureau→ hall→ street”.Moreover jurisdiction district is reduced day after day.Besides the external form change, the internal people's activity and does not have changes too much.Because Siluo itself is close to Zhuoshuixi river, it enables oneself to become the product the transportation transaction center. It is beneficial to regard the entire Siluo business situation, therefore the business stands increase in great numbers,and the general merchandise is prepared.Moreover,day by day develops in the place industry. But the governance of the ruling authority of Japanese, it also desires to mold new image.Certainly, the education is the best way.In average person's heart,Siluo is always the literary style prosperous place, from the early Chinese type private school to afterwards new style school education.Siluo always had more education resources than neighbors,but the resident`s acceptance is also high.Besides the school child education,in the dominant later period, the ruling authority must assimilate the popular sentiment strongly,and uses the financial capacity of the people.Therefore in the place it appears many all the people's,like associations and the study space. The former is the youth league, the woman by Pao-Chia recruit meets and the government peripheral organizations primarily; The latter is “the national language” the study organization, the library, the movie telecast and so on.These associations have deep enlightenment meanings. Finally studies in local elites and the place society's relations, from the place local elites's formation, there are many local elites's evolution and extensions in the period of The Ching Dynasty and the governance of the ruling authority of Japanese.Furthermore, the study of “the interpersonal network”and“the public social affair participation” discusses local elites,regarding relational delaying and the public affairs participation to draw the outline of the authority network and the active space which local elites establishes.
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