| 摘要: | 自十八世紀的小說瑰寶《紅樓夢》一出 ，便研究者不斷，而終至蔚為紅學。其開卷即明言欲「使閨閣昭傳」 ，現實生活中能被昭傳的實為有德的已婚婦女，或未出閣的孝女、貞女、烈女，散佈於各府志、方志中的未嫁女子與這些已嫁婦女的極大的相似處就是遭難受苦的形象，守志貞女不畏強暴，至孝女奉侍以終，皆具有強烈的儒家道德色彩。然而《紅樓夢》本身就如同回憶式家庭小說，所撰寫女性各自有自己的命運不可逆轉的悲劇性，也無法逃離自身的命運，幾乎都可以歸結於婚姻、情欲對她們生命及性靈所帶來的捆縛，因此有許多非婚者：不婚、抗婚、難婚、懼婚皆有之。不光是女性，亦有男性非婚者逃避家庭責任或悟情出家，其背後牽連又有諸多的社會成因、家族經濟等因素。然而文學從未脫離現實環境，借助社會學與歷史資料之佐證，本論文以「婚與非婚」為題，分析婚姻對於角色命運所造成的悲劇，從經濟與家族倫理等文化義理與社會成因等寫實元素作探討；再從接受美學的角度，來討論小說對於才子佳人創作的戀婚模式與感傷基調的來源途徑。最後，在明清論述的語境下，討論《紅樓夢》以詩性文本「大旨談情」的角度切入是如何深化「情欲」面臨「婚姻」時所產生的微妙衝突，進而爬梳文本所可能寓有的非婚觀。 Since the well-known novel The Dream of the Red Chamber had been issued in the 18th century, the Redology was eventually established by its researchers and followers. It described clearly from beginning that “ to make the unmarried women to be recorded”, in contrast, only married women of great virtue, dutiful daughters, or women who defended her chastity were honored to be recorded in real life. However, the most commonly image they had was the great suffering which had significant morality of Confucianism, such as those who defended their chastity did not fear violence and insults, and those who dedicated their lives to care for their parents. Yet many consider that The Dream of the Red Chamber is the kind of recollective family novel, marriage and desire could be regarded as restrictions to whom had irreversibly tragic destiny to their life and spirit, and thus this resulted in many who refused, resisted, and feared marriage. In addition, not only women, but men who resisted marriage and chose to escape from responsibilities for their families, or even chose to be monks, where the causes would probably associate with economic situation of family and social factors. But literature never diverges from reality, here the dissertation, Marriage and Non-marriage, trying to analyze and discuss marriage which is likely to cause tragedies to the destiny of roles with the help of sociology and historical documents from various aspects including family ethics, economy, culture and society. Otherwise, to argue the model of marriage and being in love, and sorrow deep in heart from esthetics point of view by means of the languages in the Ming and Ching dynasties is the other aspect the dissertation intend to discuss including the conflict which was produced by facing marriage, and the context which implied concept of being unwilling to get married. |
