| 摘要: | 東南亞地區因複雜的地質歷史，使其生物的演化過程十分有趣，而澤蛙(Fejervarya limnocharis)正是廣泛的分佈在這個地區。本研究定序12S、16S、CXCR4、Cyt b及D-loop的部份片段並蒐集其他研究的序列資料，藉由Bayesian分析建立親源演化樹形圖，並依據其結果進行分組後，計算各組的單基因型歧異度、遺傳歧異度、族群分化指數、遷移率及推估分化時間，以瞭解澤蛙在臺灣及鄰近地區的親源演化關係及過程。就臺灣而言，前人的研究推測中央山脈造成東、西兩個族群隔離，本研究發現東臺灣族群的分佈界限在北邊位於南澳與澳花之間，而在南邊則位於金崙與大竹之間，這可能是反應冰河時期海平面下降時兩個族群在沿海交接處的地形；與臺灣鄰近地區比較的結果將澤蛙分成兩組系群，第一組包含日本本島、廣州、南琉球、蘭嶼、綠島及東臺灣，其相近的親源關係可能是源於日本的族群經琉球群島向南遷移在沿途所建立的族群；第二組包含中琉球、馬祖、西臺灣、長江流域、南中國及東南亞，其中東南亞地區及南中國的澤蛙可能是這一群組的根源。 On account of the complicated geological history in the Southeast Asia, the evolutionary histories in this area are very interesting. The Indian Rice frog, Fejervarya limnocharis, widely distributes in this area. In order to reveal its evolutionary scenario in Taiwan and neighboring areas, we not only used partial 12S, 16S, CXCR4, Cyt b and D-loop sequences but also collected sequence data from previous researches to reconstruct the phylogenetic trees by Bayesian analysis which evaluated the genetic relationships among haplotypes. According to the results, we divided these haplotypes into several groups and calculated the haplotype diversity, genetic divergence, FST value, migration rate and divergence time. Within Taiwan, the previous researches showed that the Central Range might cause the isolation between western and eastern Taiwan groups. We found that the boundaries of these groups were Nanau to Ao-Hua in north and Jin-Lun to Dajhu in south. This might reflect the coast landform of the boundaries during the sea level decline with glacial epoch. Comparing samples from Taiwan with that of neighboring areas, there were two major lineages of F. limnocharis. The first lineage consisted of eastern Taiwan, Guangzhou, Lanhsu, Lutao, main islands of Japan and south Ryukyu groups. The phylogenetic relationships of these groups might cause by the southward population extension of the Japan population. The second lineage consisted of the central Ryukyu, Matzu, south China, Southeast Asia, western Taiwan and Yangtze sample groups. The groups in south China and Southeast Asia might be the origin of the second lineage. |
