巨噬細胞中抑制PDE4對LPS誘導發炎反應之調控; Regulation of LPS-induced inflammatory responses by PDE4 inhibitor in macrophages

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题名:	巨噬細胞中抑制PDE4對LPS誘導發炎反應之調控;Regulation of LPS-induced inflammatory responses by PDE4 inhibitor in macrophages
作者:	林玉苑;Yu-Yuan Lin
贡献者:	生命科學研究所
关键词:	反應性含氧物種;腫瘤壞死因子;Src 酪胺酸酶;磷酸雙酯酶;脂多糖;LPS;PDE4;Src tyrosine kinase;TNF-a;ROS
日期:	2010-08-24
上传时间:	2010-12-08 14:41:57 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	第四型環狀核甘酸磷酸二酯酶 (PDE4) 為一可以水解第二傳訊者cAMP的酵素，因此有調節細胞中cAMP濃度與訊息傳遞的功能。在免疫細胞中，PDE的表現以PDE4為主，且實驗證實抑制PDE4活性有降低發炎反應的作用，故此類酵素被認為是免疫細胞功能的重要調節者。PDE4酵素家族包含四個基因，PDE4A、PDE4B、PDE4C與PDE4D。先前研究指出LPS刺激巨噬細胞可增加細胞內PDE4B的表現與活性，並釋放大量的TNF-?，而PDE4抑制劑rolipram會顯著抑制TNF-?的產生。在LPS活化TLR4同時也會增加細胞中Src tyrosine kinase的活性，給予Src tyrosine kinase抑制劑PP2亦可降低LPS誘導TNF-?的釋放。本研究結果顯示，在Raw 264.7細胞中，處理PP2會使LPS誘導TNF-?的釋放降低約50%，而rolipram與db-cAMP則幾乎可完全抑制此TNF-?的反應；在PDE4B基因剔除鼠的巨噬細胞中，LPS刺激TNF-?的釋放量會有明顯的下降，其降低程度與rolipram或PP2抑制野生型小鼠巨噬細胞的程度相當，顯示PDE4B可能藉由調節cAMP與Src tyrosine kinase的訊息傳導路徑以調控LPS/TNF-?的反應。我們發現在Raw 264.7細胞中，PP2不會抑制LPS所誘導的PDE4活性，這結果排除了PP2抑制TNF-?的釋放可能是由於其抑制PDE4B活性的可能性。LPS刺激巨噬細胞會使細胞內ROS增加，而此反應可被cAMP與PKA所抑制，但是抑制Src tyrosine kinase活性却不會影響ROS的產生。在Raw 264.7細胞中，LPS對Lyn-tyr396的磷酸化沒有明顯影響，而Lyn-tyr507的磷酸化卻有抑制的現象，同時，rolipram對Lyn的磷酸化表現也與預期不符。綜合本研究結果我們發現，在巨噬細胞中，抑制PDE4B可以降低LPS刺激的TNF-?與ROS產生，而抑制Src tyrosine kinases只會降低TNF-?釋放不會影響ROS產生，此差異顯示cAMP訊息傳導與Src tyrosine kinases活化狀態在TLR訊息傳導中有其調控之專一性。 Type 4 cAMP-specific phosphodisterases (PDE4s), the enzymes that degrade the second messenger cAMP, play a critical role in regulation of intracellular cAMP concentration. It has been demonstrated that PDE4 isozymes are expressed at high levels in immune cells and PDE4 inhibitors exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. revious studies have shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced PDE4B expression and activity in macrophages, and this induction is associated with an increase in the production of TNF-?. This TNF-? responses was inhibited by the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram. Moreover, LPS stimulates an increase in src tyrosine kinase activity, while is involved in various function of macrophages. In this study, we observed that rolipram, db-cAMP, and the Src kinase inhibitor PP2 attenuate LPS-induced TNF-? production in Raw 264.7 cells. In PDE4B-deficient macrophages, LPS-induced TNF-? release was decreased and the level of the decrease was similar to that observed in the wild-type macrophages inhibited by rolipram or PP2, indicating the effects of PDE4B on the TNF-? release are mediated by regulating cAMP signaling pathway as well as src tyrosine kinase activity. Moreover, measurements of PDE enzymatic activity indicated that LPS-induced PDE4 activity in macrophages was not inhibited by PP2, ruling out the possibility that PP2 attenuated TNF-? response isn’t derived from the inhibition of PDE4 by PP2. We also found that LPS-induced ROS production in macrophages was inhibited by cAMP or PKA activation, but not by PP2. In Raw 264.7 cells, LPS did not alter Lyn-tyr396 phosphorylation while decreased Lyn-tyr507 phosphorylation. In addition, the effect of rolipram on Lyn tyrosine phosphorylation was not exhibited as predicted. Taken together, these findings showed that inhibition of PDE4B activity reduces LPS-induced TNF-? release and ROS production, but interupting Src tyrosine kinase only attenuates the TNF-? release. This difference indicates that cAMP signaling and Src tyrosine kinase activation have their unique and specific role in regulation of TLR signaling.
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