摘要 本文以母胎關係為主要的研究論題，重心在於釐清母胎關係的正確陳述，以及其對於墮胎議題上的重要考量性。論文首先回顧西方生命倫理學上對墮胎議題的二個主要派：保守主義、自由主義和哲折衷主義，都以母胎為獨立的個體，論述彼此的權利衝突，因而無法解決墮胎的困局，忽視了對母胎關係的正確陳述，以及母胎關係在墮胎議題上的重要性。本文進而分析沃倫的道德地位的方式，指出其不足以說明母胎關係的特質，因而也不能給母胎關係一確切說明。本文進一以儒家生命倫理學理論包涵與吸納沃倫的道德理論之優點，及補充沃倫的道德理論之不足。最後，本文採用母胎關係為「非一非二」的關係模型，結合普遍的道德原則之運用與兼顧個體特殊性的情感因素之考量，說明母胎關係之間的特殊權利義務關係之根源。 Summary This thesis is a study on maternal-fetal relation and the target is to clarify this relation so as provide a key to the solution of the moral issue of abortion. It first reviews the three main types of theories of the field, namely, conservatives, liberals and gradualists and found that they all take mother and fetus as separate entities each has their own rights. The conflict between the rights of both side ends in a deadlock. All three neglect the right conception of maternal-fetal relation and the importance of its implications on the abortion issue. The dissertation then analysis Werren’s theory of moral status of fetus and concludes that this could not give an adequate explanation of the characteristic and hence the relation between mother and fetus. It then gives an exposition of Confucian bioethics and shows how it could absorb the advantages of her theory while avoid some of the pitfalls. The thesis finally turns to the model of not-one-but-not-two, and combined it with universal moral principles and emotional elements of the particular partners to give an explanation of the the ground of the special rights and duties in the maternal fetal relationship.
