| 摘要: | 旅遊與幸福是以哲學的思考，來重構旅遊幸福的觀念，並以此旅遊幸福的觀念建構旅遊幸福的要素，這個旅遊幸福的要素能幫助旅遊所有涉利者和社群的幸福。旅遊幸福包括旅遊者與旅遊地兩者的幸福，首先探討的是幸福觀念，從古代的哲學家對幸福的探討，到非哲學家對幸福的探討，找出符合本論文特色的幸福定義為：「所有涉利者或社群的需求，在彼此的需求滿足不互相矛盾下均得到滿足，就是幸福。」再找出旅遊定義、旅遊幸福定義、旅遊者的幸福要素、旅遊地幸福要素（包括「旅遊地居民」、「旅遊地自然生態、人文景觀、動植物」、「旅遊地產業、業者、從業人員」、「旅遊地所屬國家與公共建設」、「旅遊地社區」分殊的幸福要素）、最後將旅遊者的幸福與旅遊地所有涉利者及關係者的幸福一起考量，統整出包括旅遊所有涉利者和關係者的「旅遊幸福要素」，以上都是本論文幸福內容的部分。達致幸福的部分，筆者提出不同於其他哲學家和非哲學家的「有德」方法，「開明自利」的方法能讓旅遊所有涉利者和社群，在彼此的需求滿足不互相矛盾下均得到滿足，以達致旅遊幸福。 A study was undertaken to reconstruct, based on philosophical contemplation, a set of concepts regarding well-being in tourism. Using such concepts, important factors involved in well-being in tourism were established. These factors should be of benefit to the well-being of all the stakeholders of tourism and the community at large. The subject of well-being in tourism as explored in this dissertation involved the well-being of tourists and of tourist places. The study began with an investigation of the concepts of well-being in general. Using the ancient philosophers’ deliberations on well-being and non-philosophers’ discussions on similar subjects, a characteristic definition of well-being was established as: “Well-being is the state of contentment of the stakeholders and the community at large whose needs are met without mutual conflicts.” Stemming from this definition, the definitions of tourism, well-being in tourism, well-being factors of tourists, and well-being factors of tourist places were derived. Of which the well-being factors of tourist places included the following subjects: “residents of tourist places”, “natural ecology, humanity and environment, and animals and plants of tourist places”, “business enterprises, owners, and workers of tourist places”, “country and public facilities of tourist places,” and “community of tourist places.” The well-being of tourists and the well-being of all stakeholders and related personnel were eventually integrated into a set of “factors for well-being in tourism.” The aforementioned are regarding the contents of well-being. For the attainment of well-being, the author proposed an “enlightened interest” method, different from the “containing virtue” method by other philosophers and non-philosophers alike. With enlightened interest, all stakeholders of tourism and the community will be able to attain a state of contentment without mutual conflicts in their needs, and reach a state of well-being in tourism. |
