潛盾隧道施工管理對地表沉陷影響案例分析 ; Shield tunnel construction management case study on the impact of surface settlement

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题名:	潛盾隧道施工管理對地表沉陷影響案例分析;Shield tunnel construction management case study on the impact of surface settlement
作者:	鍾枝霖;Chih-Ling Chung
贡献者:	土木工程學系碩士在職專班
关键词:	預估沉陷量;二次注入;背填灌漿;潛盾施工;土壤漏失量;加泥量;鏡面土壓管理;secondary grouting injection;backfill grouting;Shield tunnel excavation;estimated settlement;soil loss rate;polymer admixture;mirror face earth pressure management
日期:	2010-12-15
上传时间:	2011-06-04 14:54:58 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	隨著都市的開發，國際競爭力的提升，捷運工程已成為衡量國際化重要的指標，但在台灣開始引進潛盾機施工迄今已有20多年，仍然對於施工上有著不同的見解，尤其當土壤性質較複雜或是鄰近建物時，為控制地表沉陷或保護建物，大多會增加自潛盾機內實施二次注入（二次背填灌漿）施工方式。至今對於潛盾機二次注入之探討，於實務上仍尚未與理論分析有一系統性整理，故關於二次注入之設計選擇，仍多為現地狀況及鄰近鄰房為主要參考依據；對於土層部分並無一完整的探討，本案例就現場遭遇土層為黏土層及粉質砂層作一探討。對於潛盾機施工而言地表沉陷的控制除了以施作二次注入來控制沉陷，另外如果以良好的施工管理作為控制沉陷的方式，應是控制地表沉陷最佳的方法，以本案例而言，於潛盾工程施工中經過修正施工管理，使得地表沉陷有相當良好的控制，且並沒有造成任何的鄰房損壞或者是地面的沉陷破壞。文中內容主要以Peck的沉陷理論為基礎來做探討地表沉陷的預估，並以土壤漏失量探討加泥材的增加及改變潛盾機鏡面土壓由主動土壓改為被動土壓對於沉陷的控制，因此文中以地表型沉陷點及隧道收斂點之實測資料來佐證施工管理對地表沉陷之控制。文中將以一個施工完成之捷運專案作為探討，經結論推斷二次注入雖為良好的地表沉陷控制及建物保護方式，但對於粘土層及粉質砂層並無顯著成效，另外對於加泥量的增加及以被動土壓作為潛盾機鏡面土壓管理，應該對於地表沉陷控制有相當良好的成果。期望本文能夠使理論與施工經驗有所結合，對於潛盾施工時面對複雜的地層及諸多不確定因素仍無法完全克服的狀況下，為後續潛盾隧道施工之參考文獻。 As the development of metropolitan areas and international competitiveness are increasing, construction techniques employed in mass rapid transit (MRT) projects have become one of the more important measures of modernization. Even though it has been more than 20 years since the tunnel boring machine (TBM) was introduced for construction projects in Taiwan, there are still arguments about construction techniques particularly when soil property is more complex or the site is adjacent to other structures. In order to control the settlement of the ground surface or protect other structures, the secondary grout injection technique applied inside the TBM (i.e., secondary backfill grouting) is usually employed as an additional measure. In terms of studies of the TBM secondary grout injection technique, the industry is still lacking systematic organization of studies between practices and theoretical analyses. Therefore, the design and choice of secondary grout injection are primarily decided by considering on-site conditions and the proximity of neighboring structures. There is still no comprehensive study of the soil layer. The case study in this paper mainly focuses on the layer of on-site soil which consists of clay or silty sand. As for the shield tunnel excavation, the settlement of the ground surface can be controlled by applying secondary grout injection. In addition, good construction management would be the best way to control the settlement of the ground surface. The case study in this paper is an example which indicates that modified construction management during shield tunnel excavation not only allows the settlement of the ground surface to be controlled properly but also ensures no damage or settlement of the ground of neighboring structures. In this paper, the settlement of the ground surface is estimated based on the settlement calculation proposed by Peck. In addition, the loss rate of ground is used to discuss the settlement of the ground surface controlled by increasing the proportion of polymer admixture and changing the TBM mirror face earth pressure from active to passive. Hence, in this paper the settlements measure with surface-type settlement points and the measured deformations with the convergence points are used as evidence for the effect of construction management on the control of the settlement of the ground surface. In this paper, an MRT project which has been completed was used as an example. According to its result, it is inferred that secondary grouting injection provides good control over the settlement of the ground surface and protection of neighboring structures. However, it has little effect on the clay and silty sand layers. Increasing the polymer admixture and employing passive earth pressure as the mirror face earth pressure for the TBM may also improve control over the settlement of the ground surface. With these discussions, it is expected that theoretical analysis combined with engineering practice may serve as a consistent approach for planning shield tunnel excavation in the future even when complications from soil layers and other factors are not overcome.
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