| 摘要: | 就文學研究來說，文學理論、文學批評和文學史乃是其中主要的範疇。當這些範疇都論及寫實詩歌時，它們的存在便獲得了證明；而作為一個「典型」研究者卅讀者，則應深入該論題的語境，對其重要性和存在樣式提出解釋。 中國藝術雖自古即有寫實的元素，但它卻與西方「寫實主義」的涵蘊略有差異。故本文將之區分為「（西方）寫實主義傳統」、「寫實概念傳統卅概念系統」以利探討。另外，儘管論者屢稱中國文學的榮采多在抒情（小詩）傳統；不過，受到壓抑的敘事傳統仍值得關注。從西方文學的統緒來看，史詩（Epic）、戲劇與小說可謂血脈相連，敘事（長篇）更被視為寫實的充分條件。中國的寫實詩歌?當然不乏敘事佳作，但它們無關Epic──無論是解作史詩、故事詩或敘事長詩──，且不勞冗長地鋪述文字來營造寫實效果。凡此思維亦反映在相關的現代批評上。故按其呈現的性質趨向，本文二、三章即以「摹形寫實」、「諷諭寫實」之名整合兩大類批評資料，分別進行研究。 而對「寫實論題」中詩論涉及的「出位之思」（藝術門類間跳出本位的企圖）──『摹形』指向繪畫，『諷諭』指向小說──，本文也將在第四章予以廓清。接著，再從後設層面省察中國文學批評加諸「寫實主義」的種種誤讀與誤判。至於本文的詮釋效力，和研究上可能的限制、發展性等問題，則在終章一併檢討，以期為「中國古典詩論中的寫實概念」提出可受檢驗的闡釋。 For Literature research, literary theory, literary criticism and literary history are its core research topics. When these three categories all mention realistic poetry, their existences were proved; as a ‘model’ reader/researcher, we should dedicate ourselves into the atmosphere of the topic and come up with explanations for its importance and existing form. Although Chinese art has possessed the element of realism for a long time, it’s a little different from Western ‘realism’. Therefore in this paper, ‘realism’ was separate into ‘(Western) realism tradition’ and ‘realistic concept tradition/conceptual system’ for further analysis precisely. Besides, although scholars claimed lyric poetry can be on behalf of the flourishing Chinese literature, oppressive narrative tradition is still worthy to pay attention. Under the Western literature context, epic, drama and novels are inseparable; feature-length narrative is also regarded as a requisition of realism. Chinese realistic poetry certainly has fine pieces; however, they’re nothing to do with epics- no matter it is called epic, story poetry or feature-length narrative- and usually pile up words to build the realism effect. This thinking also reflects on relevant modern criticism. Therefore, according to this feature, the paper (Chapter 2 and 3) used ‘mimicking-realism’ and ‘satirizing-realism’ to integrate the criticism documents and proceeded research respectively. As for ‘the thinking of Tsu-Wei’ (the attempt to jump out the artistic position) mentioned in realism topic in the poetry, - ‘mimicking’ indicates painting rather ‘satirizing’ indicate novels- they’ll be clarified in Chapter 4. Moreover, we will review the misreading and erroneous judgments added on Chinese literary criticism. As for the question such as interpretation efficiency, potential research limitation and possibility of development, they will be reviewed in the final chapter. This paper aims to come up with a rigid interpretation for ‘The Realism Concept in Chinese Classic Poetry.’ |
