| 摘要: | 本研究以戰後臺灣防瘧歷程為主軸，時間範圍為戰後國民政府遷臺至1965年瘧疾根除為止，探討瘧疾防治工作的準備籌畫、政策落實、計畫推展、實施成效等層面，同時檢討實際執行上，政府如何動員全民參與，及美援醫療的影響。 研究方法上採詳細檢閱歷史紀錄、整理統計資料和檔案文件，以重建歷史事實，並應用統計學、公共衛生學和醫學等專業知識，針對問題做科學性的分析，資料來源有官方出版品、官方統計資料、公報、防瘧工作報告和研究調查、報章雜誌等。 本文藉由戰後臺灣撲瘧行動反映出幾個面向。一、戰後的瘧疾防治工作乃是奠基於日治時期的防瘧體系，並結合西方防瘧技術與知識，再因地制宜發展出的一套頗具成效之防瘧措施；二、美援為首的國際組織大量輸入西方知識、技術、專業、援款與物資，將臺灣的瘧疾根除計畫納入國際衛生體系中，同時西方主流文化價值也深植臺灣社會，而最終臺灣是利用了美援與本土的優勢條件來達到成功抗瘧的目標；三、攻擊期與監視期的撲瘧行動，反映臺灣公共衛生體系的成熟，國家機器維護社會群體健康，對單一個體予以身體監控，顯示政權穩定，政府對社會能完全掌控，而防治過程中政府並非單以法令嚴格施行，亦輔以柔性溝通、宣傳、教育等方式，藉此來提高群眾參與度；四、臺灣成功根除瘧疾並非單一引進西方醫學技術即可涵蓋，而是政治、社會、經濟、人文環境長期演變的結果。 The progress of malaria prevention in Taiwan after the World War II is the axis of the article, starting from the Central Government moving to Taiwan until malaria was eradicated in 1965. It discusses the anti-malaria program including preparation, policy implementing, plans advancement, and the effects of the program. It also reviews how the government mobilized all the people in practice and how the medical treatment of U.S. aid influenced. The method of the research taken in this article is to look over and organize historical records, statistical information and government archives in order to rebuild the fact of history. The data comes from official press, official statistics, communiqué, report of prevention of malaria, newspaper and magazines. The postwar research and investigation on malaria eradication in Taiwan shows four directions: 1. Based on the system of malaria prevention during the Japan-ruled period, a considerably effective measure of malaria prevention was developed by combining Japanese and Western experience of malaria control and knowledge of malaria. 2.With international organizations with America as the leader massively importing the Western knowledge, technique, professionalism, funds and materials, the program of malaria eradication in Taiwan was adopted into the world health system, meanwhile, the value of the Western mainstream culture was deeply rooted in Taiwan. By taking advantage of U.S. aid and local conditions, Taiwan achieved the goal of malaria eradication eventually. 3.The action of malaria eradication during the period of attacking and monitoring showed the maturity of public health system in Taiwan. The government demonstrated the stability of power and whole domination of society with the maintenance of health of social group and body surveillance on a single individual. To enhance the public participation extent, policy should be severely implemented and assistance with soft communication, advertisement, and education etc. during the prevention process. 4.The consequence of achieved malaria eradication from Taiwan results from not only the introduction of Western medical technique, but the long-term development of politics, society, economics and cultural environments. |
