| 摘要: | 1972年初，剛就任中華民國行政院長的蔣經國已經開始推動本土化政策，除了國家建設研究班、中山獎學金，以及行政團隊中延攬優秀的臺籍菁英外，政府也開始擴大中央民意代表增額補選以及地方自治選舉。由此可以了解到，由於國際情勢的變化與國內人民民主意識逐漸高漲的情況下，蔣經國必須要與本省籍人士合作，才能夠延續國民黨政府在臺灣的政權。 1978年5月20日，蔣經國當選中華民國第六任總統，同時謝東閔也當選第六任副總統，這是本省籍人士有史以來在中華民國政府中的最高職位。但是，在此同時，中華民國政府在國際上的地位越來越孤立，國內人民也對國民黨政府執政的正當性開始質疑，以及「時代在變、環境在變、潮流也在變」的背景下，蔣經國在其晚年加速推動「本土化政策」。蔣經國要如何去推動與蔣介石不同的「本土化政策」，一切的決定將考驗著蔣經國的思量，以及未來中華民國政府與國民黨在臺灣的方向。 在本論文中，首先將從蔣經國的性格和作風談起，家庭教育與留學俄國、大陸與臺灣的政治經驗，以及用人處事方面來做討論。其次，從臺灣光復以來，國民黨政府接收臺灣後，對於外省籍與本省籍人士之間的參政情況來分析。再來，由美國的觀點來觀察國民黨政府在臺灣推動「本土化政策」的可行性，以及在蔣介石逝世前後與國內環境的變化下，蔣經國推動「本土化政策」的必要性。最後，以蔣經國擔任行政院長時期與總統時期，在各項選舉、臺灣省政府、中央政府官員，以及中央常務委員會中，本省籍人士增加的比例來證實蔣經國推動「本土化政策」的積極性。 In early 1972, Chiang Ching-kuo, who had just become the minister of Executive Yuan, Republic of China (Taiwan), started to promote the “ Policy of Localization.” Apart from the National Development Seminar, Zhong-Shan Scholarship, and recruiting excellent Taiwanese personnel for it’s administrative team, the government also started to increase the quota for civil service positions and local autonomous elections. Due to the international circumstances and the gradual rise of local people's democratic awareness, we can understand that Chiang Ching-kuo had to co-operate with Taiwanese elite so as to continue KMT's regime in Taiwan. On the 20th of May,1978, Chiang Ching-kuo was elected to be the sixth president of the R.O.C (Taiwan). At the same time,Hsieh Tung-Min was elected as the sixth vice president, making him the first Taiwanese-born person in history to attain such a high position within R.O.C (Taiwan) government.However, at the same time the R.O.C (Taiwan) government was becoming more and more isolated in the international community,and domestically people were also starting to question the legitimacy of the KMT. In the midst of changing eras, societies and trends, Chiang Ching-kuo aggressively pushed the localization policy. But how would he push a policy that in fact went against his own stance? All the decisions would challenge his intended future direction for the KMT government in Taiwan. This article will present research resnlts and an analysis regarding this issue. First of all, it will discuss Chiang Ching-kuo 's character, style of working, family upbringing and the education he received in Russia, followed by his political experiences in Taiwan and mainland China, as well as the way he recruited people and coped with affairs. Furthermore, the article will compare the conditions between mainland Chinese-born and Taiwanese-born residents starting form the Recession of Taiwan and the time when the KMT government took over Taiwan. Moreover, it will discuss the feasibility of the localization policy launched in Taiwan by the KMT government from an US perspective,as well as the policy’s necessity under the domestic changes that occured before and after the death of Chiang Kai-Shek. Finally, based on the time periods during which Chiang Ching-kuo was the minister of the Executive Yuan, Republic of China (Taiwan) and president, this article aims to prove the necessity and impact of the localization policy by viewing the increase rate of local personnel in each election, as well as provincial and central government, bureaus and the Central Standing Committee. |
