蔣經國晚年政治改革的背景（1975-1988）; The Background of Political Reforms in Chiang Ching-kuo’s afterlife(1975-1988)

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Title:	蔣經國晚年政治改革的背景（1975-1988）;The Background of Political Reforms in Chiang Ching-kuo’s afterlife(1975-1988)
Authors:	葉集凱;Chi-kai Yeh
Contributors:	歷史研究所
Keywords:	美中臺關係;本土化政策;黨外運動;政治改革;蔣經國;Political reform;Taiwan Tang-wai(outside the KMT party) Movement;Chiang Ching-kuo;ROC-PRC-U.S. relations;Policy of Localization
Date:	2007-07-02
Issue Date:	2009-09-22 09:30:53 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學圖書館
Abstract:	1975年蔣中正逝世，嚴家淦接任中華民國總統，蔣經國接任中國國民黨主席並身兼行政院院長。1978年，蔣經國當選中華民國總統，成為集黨、政、軍大權於一身的重要人物。然而，自蔣經國擔任行政院長起，中華民國面對的是島內社會經濟、政治意識高度發展，以及國際環境對中華民國不友善的環境，蔣經國的施政直接影響臺灣的未來發展。蔣經國在「時代在變、社會在變、潮流在變」的思考下，開始進行「革新保臺」的改革措施；同時對黨政高層人事的安排，加重臺灣籍人士的比例；在考慮民意的代表性下，則是開放了中央級民意代表的增補選。1987年7月15日，臺灣宣布解除戒嚴以及在1988年1月1日開放黨禁、報禁的消息，這是蔣經國政治改革的關鍵，也是重要的突破，促使臺灣社會走向民主化、自由化的方向。本文即在探討蔣經國決定進行政治改革的背景。首先探討蔣經國個人的崛起背景，從身世、求學經歷、父親蔣中正的要求等來看蔣經國政治思想的內容；蔣經國在從政經驗上的累積，以及來到臺灣後擔負協助蔣中正處理國事的責任，如何讓他成為中國國民黨內唯一的領導人。其次，從國內經濟、社會的發展來瞭解人民政治意識的覺醒與要求；面對黨外運動與國民黨內派系的紛擾，討論蔣經國採取的手段與態度。最後，從國際環境對中華民國影響最深的美國的世界戰略思想與中共的統戰策略中，研究蔣經國的因應之道與促使改革的動機。 After Chiang Kai-shek dead, Chiang Ching-kuo become the chairman of Kuomintang (KMT) and the premier in 1975. He possess the power of parties, the government, and military after National Assembly elected him as the president of the Republic of China(Taiwan) at the 20th of May, 1978.Due to domestic and foreign circumstances changing, Chiang Ching-kuo as the premier started to launch the political reforms called “innovation and protection of Taiwan.” In order to stimulate the democratization and liberalization in Taiwan, He declared the abolition of Martial Law and decontrolled the published newspaper and organized parties. This article examines the reasons of Chiang Ching-kuo’s political reform in his afterlife. First of all, I would discuss how influence of his educational experience and his father’s indoctrination for his political thought and policy. Then, I would analyze how impact of the change of social and economic structure in Taiwan, the decline of Taiwan international status, the chaos of KMT’s factions and the rising and flourishing of “Taiwan Tang-wai Movement”. Finally, I would dig out the motive of Chiang Ching-kuo’s political reform by discoursed about the American’s international strategics and Communist Party’s(CCP) United Front Policy.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of History ] Electronic Thesis & Dissertation

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