清末外國人在上海的賽馬與射擊，1900–1911年——以《北華捷報》為主的探討; The Horse Racing and Shooting of Foreigners in Shanghai During Latter-date Qing Dynasty, 1900-1911--Using the North-China Herald as a Probe

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题名:	清末外國人在上海的賽馬與射擊，1900–1911年——以《北華捷報》為主的探討;The Horse Racing and Shooting of Foreigners in Shanghai During Latter-date Qing Dynasty, 1900-1911--Using the North-China Herald as a Probe
作者:	湯佳珮;Chia-pei Tang
贡献者:	歷史研究所
关键词:	《北華捷報》;射擊;賽馬;上海;外國人;North-China Herald;Shanghai;Foreigners;Shooting;Horse Racing
日期:	2009-05-07
上传时间:	2009-09-22 09:31:11 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學圖書館
摘要:	論文提要本論文主要依據《北華捷報》研究清末外國人在上海的運動發展，其中又以公共租界中的英國人為主。除了《北華捷報》以外，本論文亦採用其他報刊和私人日記等史料，如《社交上海》等。1900年至1911年上海公共租界外僑運動發展成熟，各類型運動項目眾多、且各自呈現高度發展之勢，其中又以射擊和賽馬在外僑運動界最為普遍與受到歡迎。外僑在上海大多藉由俱樂部組織的型式聚集同好，以發展各類型運動項目。但入會限制繁多，亦使許多俱樂部成為特定國籍和階層人士的聚集場所，外人較難得以進入。除了俱樂部運動以外，職業亦與運動項目的選擇具有關聯性，《北華捷報》運動版中可常見上海志願軍團舉行的各項射擊競賽，軍團在各項運動活動的參與亦不遺餘力，也帶動上海外僑運動界的活絡性與多元發展性，軍隊堪稱為清末上海運動高度發展的重要環節之一。除了志願軍團以外，射擊的多元性亦來自社會上各項射擊俱樂部和協會的成立，其中上海來福槍協會更由工部局所主導、期盼藉由放寬會員資格，使普遍大眾皆可射擊，以達成運動促進健康、增進自我保衛能力和培養良好嗜好的目的。在各類俱樂部運動競賽方面，除了實際參與運動競賽的參賽者以外，觀眾亦為運動研究不可或缺的一環，如賽馬即為參賽者、觀眾、馬匹主人、俱樂部及相關工作人員所組合而成的複雜結構。除了具有高知名度的上海跑馬總會以外，租界亦出現以華人資金為主所成立的賽馬俱樂部，也是華人首次正式在上海運動界獲得與外僑平等參賽的機會，此前多數運動俱樂部排斥華人成為會員以及參與比賽。華人運動的萌芽，亦使上海運動逐漸呈現中西合流、共同發展的趨勢。除了移植母國既有運動原型至國外施行以外，外僑在上海亦配合環境因地制宜，發明新式運動項目，唯其仍保留外僑原有文化背景與運動習慣的影響。綜合本論文所述，外僑在上海藉由從事運動活動而聚集人群、凝聚人心，亦使運動比賽成為租界社會網絡中社會交流的平台之一。 Thesis Abstract This thesis mainly uses the North-China Herald to look into the development of foreign sports in Shanghai and uses the public settlement’s English population as its main focus. In addition to the North-China Herald, other publications, personal documents, and historical documents such as Social Shanghai are used. From 1900 to 1911, foreign sports were in its maturity with many different events and large groups of spectators, all under the influence of high levels of development. Of these events, shooting and horse racing were the most common and popular in the foreign sporting community. The foreign community in Shanghai made use of the system of social clubs and organizations to gather together, leading to the development of the many sporting events. However, the acceptance into such clubs had many restrictions, many on the basis of nationality or class, making it difficult for outsiders to join. Besides social clubs, professions and sporting events also had a large amount of selectivity involved. In the sports section of the North-China Herald, one can often see the racing and shooting events of the Shanghai Volunteer Army. The army attended each event without loss of strength and provided impetus for the instability and multivariate development of the foreign sporting community in Shanghai. The army may be said to be one of the most important connections in the development of sports in late Qing Dynasty Shanghai. Regarding the development of shooting as a sport, there were many social clubs and associations, including the volunteer army, which made contributions. The Shanghai Rifle Club, one such club, led from the Ministry of Works, hoping that by relaxing the restrictions on the qualifications of members, the general populace would be able to shoot. Using sports as a way to promote health, they reached the purpose of increasing people’s ability of self-defense and cultivating good habits. As for the aspect of the competitions of the social clubs, it could be said that the spectators were just as essential as the actual competitors. An example of this can be seen in horse racing where the participants, spectators, horse owners, clubs and related employees all formed an intricate structure. In addition to the well-known Shanghai Race Club, there were other horse-racing clubs established in the settlement--these with the funds from the Chinese. This was the first instance of Chinese attaining equality in participation opportunities in Shanghai’s sporting community. Before this, many social clubs refused Chinese the rights to join as club members or participate in competitions. The sprouting of Chinese sports and the slowly-appearing phenomenon of Chinese-Western concourse became a developing trend. Besides putting into practice the sports of their homelands in China, foreign residents in Shanghai also took actions to suit the local conditions, creating new sport events. This is the only lasting cultural influence of the foreign residents on Shanghai’s sporting habits. Overall, this thesis describes how the foreign residents of Shanghai employed sporting events to assemble together themselves and the will of the people, while simultaneously creating a social network in the settlement.
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