本研究利用模擬退火演算法結合地表之太陽輻射照度(AM 1.57)，對太陽能電池之抗反射層做最佳化設計。材料之色散關係與背金屬之反射皆已在電磁計算中考慮。此外，抗反射層之材料折射率與厚度也被限制於現實可製造之範圍內，使所設計出之最佳化參數更為實際。 本研究針對塊材型多晶矽、銅銦鎵硒薄膜以及非晶矽薄膜三種在目前具代表性之太陽能電池之抗反射層做最佳化設計，並對考慮太陽輻射照度光譜之影響做探討。一般而言，在考慮太陽輻射照度光譜下，所設計出之抗反射層所得之角度平均反射率在太陽輻射照度較強之頻段會較低且較平緩。故此最佳化結果預測了從太陽能電池表面所可能獲得之最低反射率。 為了滿足低成本製造之需求，本研究針對300 μm厚之塊材型多晶矽太陽能電池上設計二氧化矽/二氧化鈦雙層抗反射層，在波長範圍 nm以及角度範圍 下所得之平均反射率為11.29%。從角度平均反射率頻譜可觀察出，因為矽材料吸收係數隨波長增大而衰減，無論太陽能電池表面抗反射層之層數為何，在波長約1050 nm以上其反射率皆超過20%。在銅銦鎵硒薄膜太陽能電池方面，將氧化鋅/摻鋁之氧化鋅(ZnO/AZO)雙層透明導電層以及硫化鎘(CdS)緩衝層納入抗反射層之設計(吸收層厚度為2 μm，並考慮背金屬之反射)，所得之單層抗反射層在波長範圍為350 nm至1200 nm、角度範圍為0˚至80˚，所得之平均反射率為6.18%。 最後，將本研究所使用之模擬退火演算法所得之結果，與其他方法如利用基因演算法與五次折射率函數文獻之結果做比較，以證明其優異性。 This research investigates the optimizations of antireflection (AR) coatings for solar cells using simulated annealing (SA) algorithm incorporated with the solar irradiance spectrum at Earth's surface (AM1.57 radiation). Material dispersions and reflections from the planar backside metal are considered in the rigorous electromagnetic calculations. Moreover, the AR parameters are restricted to physically realizable indices and thicknesses so that the optimized results are more practically applicable. Optimized AR coatings for bulk crystalline silicon (Si), thin film CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS), thin film amorphous Si solar cells as three representative cases are presented and the effect of solar spectrum in the AR coating designs is investigated. In general, angle-averaged reflectance of a solar-spectrum-incorporated AR design is shown to be smaller and more uniform in the spectral range with relatively stronger solar irradiance. Thus the optimized results predict the smallest possible reflectance that could be obtained on the surfaces of solar cells. For low-cost fabrication purposes, a two-layer AR coating on a metal-backed crystalline Si of thickness 300 is shown to reduce the average reflectance to 11.29% over nm and . The angle-averaged reflectance spectra show that the decreasing absorption coefficient of the Si produces high angle-averaged reflectance of for nm, regardless of the number of layers used in the AR coating. On the other hand, by incorporating the transparent conductive ZnO/AZO layer and CdS buffer layer as part of the AR coating in CIGS solar cells ( -thick CIGS layer with a back reflector), a single AR layer is shown to possibly provide an average reflectance of 6.18% for wavelengths ranging from 350 nm to 1200 nm and incident angles from 0? to 80?. Finally, comparisons are made between the SA optimized results and those obtained using other approaches such as a genetic algorithm or a conventional quintic index profile to demonstrate theoretically the advantages of the proposed method.
