| 摘要: | 儘管近年來家族史研究成果十分豐碩，婦女史研究也已相當蓬勃，家族的婦女或女性卻長期處於隱而不揚的角色，或受限於史料之缺乏而甚少被提及。身為客家婦女，婚前婚後不同角色的現場觀察，起心動念間，對所謂客家婦女的實質生活深感興趣，因此嘗試以一個客家家族女性為研究焦點，探討客家婦女的角色與地位。 選擇新竹北埔姜家為研究對象，主要因姜家是北部地區舉足輕重的客家拓墾家族，尤其在清末日治時期面臨家族持家的男子英年早逝，因此女性在家族的角色更顯重要；加以踏查間發現地方重要建築－廟宇與姜氏家廟樑柱紀錄了女性捐獻的資料，顯示此一家族之婦女在家族與地方社會曾發揮了相當的影響力。 在史料上，以吳學明師發掘之有關姜家家族發展、經濟與生活的第一手資料－〈北埔姜家史料〉、清時北台官方紀錄〈淡新檔案〉、日治時期〈北埔戶籍資料〉、地方志及家族族譜為基礎，輔以研究區域的訪談以作為研究主要依據。 在章節結構上，將女性置於當時的歷史脈絡，以北埔社會為論述背景，從兩性彼此相互依存的觀點，以一個拓墾家族在台的發展脈絡架構下，從道光年間的草萊初闢到咸同年間的茁壯，子孫累積土地財富到面臨政治環境的劇變和統治階層的更替，家族男性英年早逝，家族成員的應變和適應，來觀察女性在家族和地方事務上，實質扮演的角色和地位，同時透過比較、分析傳統到現代教育等條件的改變之下，對客家婦女的價值觀和被對待關係的轉變，來了解傳統與新式教育對女性的影響;並深入探討姜家和其它地方望族的聯姻關係。再歸納總結客家婦女的地位與角色，並對研究中所遭遇的限制提供一些延伸探索的可能方向。 Although the results of research on family and women’s history were rich, the role of female in the family was still being hidden or limited from historical data. After observed the differences of Hakka women played the roles in their life before and after marriage, there was a thought of study Hakka women’s real life into the mind. So, started this research on Hakka women, and discuss the role and position they played in the family. The main reason of choosing Beipu’s Chiang Family as the research subject was this Family played a decisive role among the Hakka community in the reclaim lands of northern region at that time. During the late period of Ching Dynasty, and the early days of Japanese Occupation of Taiwan, Chiang Family was faced a problem of male members death in their early ages, and then female members in the family became more outstanding. Also, through the field survey, we found the beams and pillars of local important buildings such as public temples and Chiang Family’s ancestral shrine have recorded the information about the donation of female members in Chiang Family, which indicated they have significantly contributed and influenced on the Chiang Family and the local community. In addition, this research adopted few historical data such as “Beipu Chiang Family History”, which is the firsthand information about the development, economic and life style of Chiang Family, and was studied and discovered by Teacher Hsueh-Ming Wu; “Data of DanHsin”, a Ching Dynasty official document for the North Taiwan Region; “Register Household Records” during the Japanese Occupation; and local history and family pedigrees as the foundation of research, as well as conducted the interview in the local community as the basis of this research. On the organization of the chapters, the author placed the Hakka women in the current historical sequence at that time and used Beipu society as the study background. Look from the point of view of both male and female interdependent on each other, and as a reclaim family under the structure of developing sequence in Taiwan. From the newcomer in Tao-kuang Reign of Ching Dynasty to effective family in the society in Hsien-feng and Tung-chi Reigns of Ching Dynasty; from accumulated wealth by generations to face the hasty changes in political environment and replacement of ruling classes; from family male members death in early ages; and from the response and adoption for the family members to observe the practical role and status of female that played in the family and local affairs. At the same time, by comparing and analyzing changes between traditional and modern education towards to Hakka women’s value and the changes of relationship deals by other, and to understand the effect of both educations on female. Also discuss the marriage relationship between Chiang Family and other prominent family in the community, and then conclude the role and status of Hakka women. In plus, the author would like to explore the possible directions and ways of improving the research limitation. |
