| 摘要: | 營造業為民生基礎工業，近年來，營造業職災千人率居各行業之冠，係因其特性所致，如工種多、低價搶標、多層承攬等，造成勞工安全衛生管理不易。也由於營造業與其他行業之工作環境不同，大部分營造業是處於隨時變化的工作場所，伴隨工程進度的不同，工作的危險因子也不斷的改變，塑造出不安全的工作環境，大幅提高營造業勞工作業之危險性。 依行政院勞工委員會統計資料顯示，營造業從業勞工占全產業勞工人數10％以下，但歷年重大職災死亡人數卻占全產業50％以上。尤以中小型營造工程工地之職災率居全營造業之首位，雖然近年相關減災計畫陸續推動後已顯現減災成效，但國內職業災害死亡率仍顯偏高，究其原因乃中小型營造工程之成本限制與合約中未編列有關安衛費用，致其只在被要求下才作，不被要求就不作，縱然有法令制度存在，但其在中小型營造工程卻是一片空白，因而為建立一個更安全的工作環境，本研究依中小型營造工程的施工特性，研擬建立適合中小型營造工地勞工安全衛生管理機制，並期待藉由中小型營造工地勞工安全衛生管理機制之推動，以降低營造業之職業災害發生率。 The building and construction industry is the fundamental industry for livelihood. In recent years, building and construction industry has ranked the top in injuries or death among industries, as there are thousands of occupational hazards derived due to the industry’s special characteristics, such as varieties in types of work, low-cost bids, multi-layers of contracting and so on. This resulted in difficulties in workplace safety and hygiene management. The building and construction industry also differs from others in working environment, due to the fact that in this industry, the workplace is constantly changing and with these changes, the progress of work would differ and in turn continuously change the risk factors, ultimately shaping out an unsafe working environment, which substantially increased the risks to workers in the building and construction industry. According to the statistics data from the Executive Yuan’s Council of Labor Affairs show that the workers in the building and construction industry only account for 10% of the total workforce, but throughout the years, the numbers of workers died from major occupational hazards summed up to more than 50% of all industry workforce, whereby the small to medium construction projects ranked the highest. Although the numbers have effectively reduced after the endorsement of relevant occupational hazards mitigation plan, but the death from domestic occupational hazards remained high. The reason being that the small to medium construction projects are restricted with cost budget and the contract generally doesn’t include fees for workplace safety and hygiene, and the latter part is only included upon request, if requests weren’t made, then it would not be included. Even if there are regulations and binding laws, this section has been left blank for the small to medium construction projects. In order to create a safer working environment, this research has taken into accounts the special characteristics with the small to medium construction projects to research into a workplace safety and hygiene system suitable to small to medium construction projects and hope that through the support by the small to medium construction projects on this workplace safety and hygiene system, the occurrences of the incidence of occupational hazards can be reduced. |
