| 摘要: | 大陸困頓不振的社會經濟，使得鄧小平不得不向「右」轉，走上市場經濟的「資本主義道路」。深圳、珠海、廈門、汕頭、海南五個經濟特區挾著地理優勢、傾斜的經濟政策和特殊的經濟管理體制，吸引外資投入，創造亮麗的經濟成績，卻也引發保守及改革兩派的紛爭和內陸省區的不平，更衍生政治、經濟、社會的重重爭議及弊端。沿海的經濟特區開放策略成功，中共順勢展開沿江、沿邊等開放戰略及西部開發政策，促使大陸在二十一世紀躍身為「金磚四國」之一、全球第二大經濟體。鄧小平所倡導的經濟特區成為中共對外改革開放、躍身世界舞台的領頭羊。 經濟特區的性質究竟是社會主義，亦或資本主義？它除了在經濟面向上展現佳績外，在政治上又代表了什麼意涵？大陸舉世矚目的經濟增長，導致貧富差距擴大，區域發展不均引發不平、抗爭、請願事件不斷發生，但其政府仍有力量壓制，原因為何？經濟特區的設置除了正向的效益外，還有哪些讓人質疑的弊端？這些問題都將在本文進一步探討、研究。 The Chinese economy was in financial straits, which forced Deng Xiaoping to turn “right” towards a capitalistic market economy. Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Xiamen, Shantou, and Hainan were five special economic zones which had geographical advantages, economy-inclined policies, and a distinctive economic management system to attract foreign investment and create outstanding economic accomplishments. On the other hand, this also gave rise to the disputes between the conservatives and reformists and initiated grievances from the inland provinces of China. Furthermore, many political, economic, and social cancers and disputes were also derived from such results. The open policy enforced in the economic zones along the coast was a success; the Chinese government then further expanded its open policy to areas along rivers and boarders, and the policy on developing West China was also launched. These policies catapulted China to one of the “BRICs” in the 21st century and the second-largest economy in the world. The economic zones that were advocated by Deng Xiaoping became China’s bellwether of reform and open policy, leading China onto the world stage. Is the nature of economic zones socialistic or capitalistic? Other than having outstanding economic accomplishments, what are their political implications? China’s economic growth has arrested much attention in the world, but its gap between rich and poor has gotten wider, and unequal regional developments have caused grievance, resistance, and petition issues. But why does the government still have the power to suppress such upheaval? Whereas the establishment of special economic zones have its positive and beneficial effects, are there any problems that can be called into question? These problems will be further discussed and researched in the paper. |
