| 摘要: | 在全球暖化效應下，環境變遷所致之天候劇烈變化對臺灣地區之工程影響甚鉅。2009年莫拉克颱風短短數天在南部地區即降下三千餘毫米之雨量，造成129座橋梁嚴重毀損或遭土石流掩埋。橋梁之毀損中斷除影響民眾之交通與民眾之生計外，亦嚴重遲延救災工作之進行。此外，道路工程亦常見邊坡坍滑造成災害。如99年4月25日國道三號發生走山事件，造成南北雙向六個車道全遭土石覆蓋，交通完全中斷。環境變遷所導致之工程巨災除造成人民生命財產之危害外，對政府與道路工程管理單位更產生極為負面之政治效應。因此，目前「台灣地區橋梁管理資訊系統」中超過二萬七千座橋梁之維護管理策略如何因環境之變遷而調整，甚至是災後搶修採購發包策略，如何得以有效提高效率而做適當考量與修正，實為國內道路與橋梁管理單位應審慎面對之問題。而為避免再有國道三號之慘劇發生，道路上之順向坡、易受災之邊坡類型與受災因子也應詳細分析，並研擬出其補強策略。本子計畫將透過環境變遷對橋梁生命週期各階段之影響，並針對橋梁規劃設計階段之安全防災提出因應之道（第一年研究成果），進而討論災後緊急搶修與發包策略、橋梁施工所考慮之施工材料、品質以及工法（本年度研究內容），至使用維護階段之檢測、監測、維修，以及補強等各階段（第三年研究內容），須因應環境變遷而加以修正或調整的部份，以增長橋梁之安全與壽命。除橋梁之外，本研究另針對易受災邊坡之類型及其主要因子進行探討（本年度研究內容）。蒐整出各種邊坡破壞條件與因素，並探討對應之補強策略（第三年研究內容），以確實提升現存橋梁與邊坡安全防災之性能，以達成道路工程安全防災與永續使用之目的。Strategies for Disaster Prevention in Sustainable Construction in Response to the Global Climate Change Issues – Example of Roadway Construction The drastic and extreme climate conditions have caused severe impacts to the infrastructure constructions in Taiwan due to global climate changes. The Morakot typhoon hit southern Taiwan in 2009 and generated more than 3000 mm rainfalls only in a few days. As a consequence, floods, land slides, floating timbers, debris flows, and sands and rocks in the floods severely damaged 129 bridges that caused interruptions in traffic as well as difficulties in the disaster mitigation processes. Casualties due to failed bridges caused further negative impacts to the government and to the bridge management agencies. Furthermore, landslides also frequently happened which cause various disasters to road transportation. The landslide which caused several casualties and disruption of traffic on National Highway No. 3 was one of the well-known landslide accidents. Thus, adaptation and adjustment of maintenance strategies in response to the global climate changes for the existing 27,000 bridges recorded in the “Taiwan Bridge Management System (T-BMS)” and for future renovation and reconstruction of bridges have become crucial issues to the bridge management agencies. For road safety, typical landslides should also be analyzed to categorize their common factors and to find out corresponding strategies. This research is aimed at an in-depth investigation of impacts caused by global climate changes to each phase of the life-cycle of bridges as well as to landslides, and corresponding actions and strategies of the impacts will also be suggested. In the first year, based on the factors that caused bridge damages due to the Morakot typhoon, this research investigated and summarized laws, specifications, and regulations that need to be changed, then interviewed experts in the design firms, construction contractors, maintenance contractors, and bridge management agencies to formulate and justify required strategies and suggestions. In the second year (this year), construction of temporary bridges, concerns during bridge construction, and landslides of slope will be analyzed. In the last year, strategies for bridge and slope maintenance strategies will be studied to conclude this research project. Results of this research should be able to provide useful guidelines to the sustainability and safety of road construction. 研究期間：10008 ~ 10107 |
