本計畫擬研究以線型態形狀記憶合金(SMA) 為作動基礎之致動器,其主要的應用為微型化鏡頭對焦馬達。目前常使用在小型鏡頭結構的對焦馬達為音圈馬達(VCM),然而此部份技術與專利均控制在少數商家手中,因此本計畫擬研發新型微型鏡頭對焦致動器,不僅在學術上有所突破,對產業界亦將有所助益。本研究將利用單向鎳鈦(NiTi) 形狀記憶合金熱收縮應變的特性,設計出異於目前常使用的音圈馬達。當此種形狀記憶合金被加熱達到合金的沃斯田(Austenite) 相變溫度後,合金線的長度會產生固定比率的應變收縮。經由本研究擬設計開發的機構傳動,藉由合金高、低溫的相變過程中所產生的應變,推擠致動器內部的楔形塊,並配合彈簧壓縮伸展以達到鏡頭往復直線移動之目的。研究方法首先在第一年中,我們將以實驗驗證ψ0.1mm 之NiTi 形狀記憶合金線的收縮應變與荷重負載及驅動電流(溫度)之間的關聯。其次設計出適當的楔形塊與彈簧機構,將合金線的收縮應變轉換成鏡頭往復運動,並加以製作組裝完成。在此過程中必須同時推導出此致動器模型的動力模型,並經由實驗量測得知致動器的作動反應速率,且修正動力模型之參數值。在第二年中,我們將針對在鏡頭對焦致動器的控制器方面進行研究,主要將以PWM 訊號控制形狀記憶合金的升溫,其目的在使形狀記憶合金線在升溫的過程中能均勻升溫,藉由降溫時彈簧的作動,帶動鏡頭往復運動。由於此致動器之運作不同方向將有所不同,因此其動力模型將為一切換式的非線性系統。在這一年中,我們將發展出非線性控制器,並分析其特性,同時利用Matlab 軟體進行模擬分析,並將成果彙整。在第三年中,我們將第二年所發展出的控制器,在ARM 硬體上進行研發測試,並實際應用在第一年發展出的機構上,同時針對實作上將有的問題,如摩擦力等進行補償,以達到精密控制之目的。 In this project, we will utilize the wire-type shape memory alloy (SMA) as actuator for auto-focusing mechanism for micro cameras. Since the Nickel-titanium (NiTi) SMA "remembers" its original shapes and eventually will return to its original shapes after deformed by applying heat to it. The one-way memory effect of NiTi SMA wire can be utilized to study the feasibility of replacing conventional actuators like voice coil motor, stepping motor, and piezoelectric motor. In this first year, we will study the properties of NiTi SMA wire (0.1mm) characteristics study. This SMA wire deforms and changes its length during temperature/stress change. This is known to transition from the martensite phase to the austenite phase, or the reverse. Also in the first year, we will start to design a wedge type mechanism to transform the elongation of the wire to the movement of the lens. Since the forward and backward dynamics of this actuator will be different, the mathematical model of this system will be a switching type nonlinear system. Hence, in the second year, we will focus on developing new control algorithms for this system, and at the same time, the dynamic performance and stabilities of different control rules will be analyzed through Matlab. The control algorithms developed in the second year will be downloaded into an ARM computer and the real-time control for the auto-focusing mechanism will be carried out in the third year. The disturbances and noises will be considered in the real system and the compensation algorithms will be also developed. 研究期間:10008 ~ 10107