赫內‧吉哈爾（René Girard）於60 年代透過歐陸小說的閱讀，提出「仿效慾望」（désir mimétique）理論，以此作為解讀文學作品的核心依據。70 年代起他進一步將理論觸角深向原始社會的考察與聖經文本的詮釋，提出獻牲儀式與迫害文本等觀點，使他的理論具備跨領域、跨學門的柔韌性，也使文學批評更趨多元化。仿效慾望理論脫胎自文學文本的閱讀，發想於結構主義「返回文本、敘述至上」的時期，以「慾望擬仿論」的論調對精神分析的「慾望原生論」批評法進行反動與修正，為90 年代的性別研究提供有利的論點，吉哈爾的仿效慾望理論在二十世紀過渡到二十一世紀的後現代文學與文化批評中扮演樞紐的角色。本計畫試圖透過吉氏的四本文學評論著述：《浪漫的謊言與小說的真實》（1961）、《地下室評論集》（1976）、《莎士比亞：慾望之火》（1990）、《藝術皈依》（2008）梳理仿效慾望在文學批評脈絡中的重要進程，探討它在結構主義、精神分析與性別研究等思潮理論版圖之間的互動與演變，除了勾勒理論展演的系譜，更將詢問仿效慾望做為文學批評的工具，如何開啟後設批評的視野與閱讀策略，以此做為現階段評估。 In 1960s, through reading of European novels, René Girard proposed the theory of “désir mimétique”which served as the basis for literature interpretation. In 1970s, he extended the theory to the investigation of primitive society subjects and the interpretation of the Bible, thus further proposed views such as sacrifice and ritual, as well as persecution text. As a result, his theory is characterized with “flexibility” and “diversity” in interdisciplinary studies, thus making literary criticism more diverse. The theory of “désir mimétique”is derived from the reading of literary texts, and originated from the period of “returning to the text”in structuralism. Using the discourse of the “mimetic desire theory” to comment and modify the “desire primordialism” criticism of psychoanalysis has brought advantageous views for gender studies in 1990s. The “Désir mimétique”theory of René Girard played a pivot role in the post-modern literature and literary criticism during the transition period from the 20th century to the 21st century. This study aims to discuss the main theoretic development of mimetic desire in the context of literary criticism through the review of four publications of literary criticism by Girard, namely Mensonge romantique et vérité romanesque (1961), Critique dans un souterrain (1972), Shakespeare. Les feux de l’envie(1999) and La conversion de l’art (2008). This study also probes into the interaction of Girard’s theory with structuralism, psychoanalysis and gender studies, as well as its evolution. Besides illustrating the genealogy of theoretic development and using mimetic desire as the tool of literary criticism, this study also expands the perspective of meta-critic and reading strategy for evaluation of the present stage. 研究期間：10008 ~ 10107
