| 摘要: | 綠色化學是推動永續發展最重要的一環，開發快速與微萃取技術，為目前環境檢測刻不容緩的重要課題。在許多傳統的樣品前處理過程中，常用大量有機溶劑先行萃取樣品，再將萃取液濃縮後，才進行定性與定量的儀器檢測。所用的有機溶劑常具有毒性及易燃等危險性質，且使用量大，因此很容易造成環境的再次污染，對於實驗操作者亦有安全與健康危害的問題，同時對於這些有機廢棄物的處理，亦需花費更多的費用。如目前標準方法對於水樣的前處理，多以液-液萃取法(Liquid-Liquid Extraction)為主，此方法需要大量的有機溶劑(如 200 mL 二氯甲烷) 且步驟繁雜(平均需40分鐘/樣品)；又如目前標準方法對於固態樣品(如生物檢體、土壤)的前處理，多以索氏萃取法(Soxhlet Extraction)為主，此方法也需要大量的有機溶劑(如200 mL 二氯甲烷)、步驟繁雜又耗時(平均需10 小時以上)，且易受基質干擾影響。我們將沿襲以往的研究精神，建立一套快速、方便、合乎環保又可靠的技術，以前瞻性的微量分析觀念，提出此三年型研究計畫。在這三年計畫中，我們的研究將著重在開發數種合乎綠色化學的檢測技術，主要是利用無溶劑 (solvent-free)或微萃取(microextraction)的概念，來改進或開發新的快速又環保之環境檢測技術。於新興污染物的選擇上，在這三年計畫中，將以人造奈米顆粒(如碳-60 及其相似結構的奈米顆粒)、有機防曬乳成分(如最常使用的水楊酸脂類與二苯甲酮類成分)及無機防曬乳成分(如TiO2奈米顆粒)為主。於液態、固態和生物檢體樣品前處理中，分別評估不同萃取方法對此類新興污染物的萃取效能，以多樣化無溶劑或微萃取技術[如固、液相微萃取技術(Solid- or Liquid- phase microextraction)及搭配微波輔助萃取技術(Microwave - assisted extraction)]，來探討液態、固態和生物檢體萃取方法的最佳化條件。在定性和定量上，開發多方位的液、氣相層析質譜技術(LC-MS and GC-MS)、毛細電泳技術(CE)和串聯質譜 (MS/MS)等技術以檢測這類污染物質在不同環境基質中的含量及種類。此研究計畫將於篩選測試和檢測新興污染物研究議題上，尤其是人造奈米顆粒檢測上，具有對檢測技術之突破性與研發上的主導性。我們亦將密切掌握國際上對於相關新興污染物檢測的發展趨勢，以達我國環境的永續經營，及確保國人的健康。Developing fast and microextraction techniques to determine the selected emerging contaminants in various environmental matrices. Currently, based on the green chemistry concepts, the scientific community has increased interest in the development of sustainable analytical procedures in analytical chemistry. This so-called “Green analytical chemistry (GAC)” mainly pursues the objectives of replacing or reducing toxic reagents consumption and miniaturizing the analytical methodologies, so as to minimize environmental and human hazards by replacing polluting methods with clean and “greener” ones. Sample pretreatment procedures are considered to be potentially the most polluting and time-consumption step of analysis, as it usually requires the use of large amounts of toxic organic solvents, which may generate a large amount of chemical waste, resulting in a great environmental and human impact. In some circumstances, the chemicals employed for sample pretreatment were even more toxic than the species being determined. For example, classical liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) has been widely used as the standard method for liquid sample extraction and preconcentration of target analytes. For solid and biota samples, classical Soxhlet extraction has been commonly used as the standard method. These methods consume large volumes of toxic organic solvents (i.e., both need at least 200 mL dichloromethane), tedious procedures (i.e., for LLE needs 40 min/sample; for Soxhlet needs 10 hours) and severe matrix effects. To employ fast, reliable and eco-friendly analytical techniques for the determination of selected emerging contaminants, in this three-year proposal, we will focus on developing solvent-free and microextraction sample pretreatment techniques coupled with GC-MS, LC-MS, CE methods to analyze three important groups of emerging contaminants at trace-level in various environmental matrices. Three selected emerging contaminants are: (i) engineered nanoparticles (ENPs, i.e., fullerene (C60) and surface-functionalized fullerenes); (ii) the main organic sunscreen ingredients (i.e., salicylate and benzophenone type UV filters) and (iii) inorganic sunscreen ingredients (i.e., TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles). Followings five major tasks are going to investigate and study in this three-year proposal: Task 1. To evaluate the fast and eco-friendly sample pretreatment methods with various liquid-phase microextraction (LPME, i.e., dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), ultrasonic-assisted DLLME (UA-DLLME)) techniques for liquid samples; Task 2. To evaluate one-step microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction (MA-HS-SPME) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique followed by a dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) for solid and biota samples; Task 3. To develop quantitative GC-MS (EI and CI) and LC-MS with various ionization interfaces techniques as well as LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS techniques for fullerene (C60) and organic sunscreen ingredients determination; Task 4. To develop quantitative CE technique for chelating metal oxide nanoparticles (i.e., TiO2 and ZnO) determination; and then Task 5. To employ these developed techniques to determine these target compounds in various environmental matrices, and study the occurrence and fate of these contaminants impacted to various environment compartments. Our research will have a significantly contribute to wide spectrum of solvent-free and microextraction techniques coupled with hyphenated quantitative mass spectrometric for the environmental studies. The results of this research should be highly in response to our environmental protection trends, promote conservation and pollution control policies, as well as sustainable development in Taiwan. 研究期間：10008 ~ 10107 |
