| 摘要: | 績效量測與監督為職安衛管理系統規劃(Plan)、執行(Do)、查核(Check)與矯正(Act)所組成的PDCA架構中不可或缺的一部份。主要功能為藉由績效監測所提供的資訊，協助事業單位評估職安衛計畫執行狀況及目標的達成度，績效量測指標可分為主動式與被動式兩類，量測與監督職安衛管理系統運作績效，有助於評估風險控制的有效性。完善的PDCA管理循環應定期監測職安衛管理系統運作的狀況，包含將績效量測的成功或失敗的資訊，回饋至安全衛生管理系統，但是目前尚缺乏明確改善職安衛管理系統的機制，導致績效量測無法發揮持續改善的功能。 從輸入及輸出轉換的角度而言，職安衛管理系統持續改善的循環機制和化工程序控制系統的基本架構極為類似，本研究參考化工程序控制的回饋與前饋控制的運作模式，建立職安衛績效指標的回饋機制。職安衛管理系統藉由意外事故調查資訊達到回饋控制功能，前饋控制則將主動式績效指標量測結果與設定目標做比較，分析不符合事項造成原因，並擬訂適當改善措施。本研究引用HSE意外事故調查，藉由系統化分析事故發生的根本原因，並連結至OHSAS 18001職安衛管理系統，可協助事業單位更明確地瞭解目前管理系統運作的問題。意外事故調查不僅著重於辨識造成事故發生的原因，更應回歸管理系統層陎，希望藉由本研究建立的績效指標回饋機制，可加強職安衛管理系統的改善。Performance measurement is an integral part of the PDCA management process. Benefits of performance measurement of an occupational health and safety management system include the provision of information on implementation status, identification of areas needing corrective actions, provision of the basis for continual improvement. Occupational health and safety management systems are measured by a set of reactive, or lagging, performance indicators and positive, or leading, performance indicators. To complete the full PDCA management cycle, performance measurements must be fed back to the management system. For reactive performance indicators, this is normally accomplished through incident investigation. Although it is widely accepted that the root causes of accidents and incidents are management system failures, but the feedback mechanism from the results of accident investigation to the management system is not straightforward. The same problem exists for the feedback mechanism of positive performance indicators. From the input-output conversion standpoint, a management process is highly analogous to a chemical process. Hence the fundamental principles of chemical process control, both feedback and feedforward control, are adopted in this study in designing the feedback mechanism of occupational safety and health performance indicators. Feedback control of the occupational safety and health management system is accomplished through incident investigation while feedforward control of the management system is performed through measuring a specific performance indicator, comparing the measurement against its target value and implementing the corrective actions. HSE’s accident investigation technique is adopted in this study. Underlying and root causes of an incident classified by HSE are control,cooperation, communication, competence, design, implementation and risk assessment. Relationships between these factors and OHSAS 18001 requirements are established. The relationships can then be used to link the underlying and root causes back to the management system. Since most proactive performance indicators are used to measure the progress of occupational safety and health management programs, positive performance indicators can be fed back to their associated management programs directly. The proposed feedback mechanism is validated with a confined space entry program and a fatal accident report issued by the Council of Labor Affairs. It is believed that the proposed feedback mechanism can greatly enhance the effectiveness of occupational safety and health performance measurement. |
